Kid Kustomer Essay - 1099 Words

â€Å"Kid Kustomers† No matter where children are or what they are doing they’ll always find some sort of advertisements. It can be when their casually watching television, reading a magazine or just playing games on their computer. Advertisements are different forms of communication whose purpose is to make their product known to the public. Marketers aren’t partial to certain people; they target anyone and every age group, but recently there has been an upsurge of advertisements aimed towards children. In Eric Schlosser’s article, Kid Kustomers, he demonstrates how child advertising has boomed by the tactics marketers use to get children to want and demand certain companies’ products. The big boom in child advertisement occurred in the†¦show more content†¦Schlosser refers to the Joe Camel ad campaign, which used a â€Å"hip cartoon character to sell cigarettes.† A 1991 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that nearly all o f America’s six-year-olds could identify Joe Camel, who was just as familiar to them as Mickey Mouse. Interestingly enough, another study found that one-third of cigarettes illegally sold to minors was in fact Camels. Not only do advertisers need a way to get kids to want their product, they also need children to be able to persuade their parents into buying them that product. The concept of children persuading other people to buy them what they want is known as the â€Å"surrogate salesmen.† James U. McNeal’s, professor of marketing at Texas AM University, classified kids nagging tactics into seven major categories; pleading, persistent, forceful, demonstrative, sugar-coated, threatening, and pity based appeals. Kids learn what appeal or style works best on their parents and stick to that ploy whenever they want something. Observing children in their own environment allows marketers to understand the minds of children. Advertisers conduct surveys, organize foc us groups, analyze children’s artwork, study academic literature on child development and even have cultural anthropologists observe children without them knowing. Marketers do all that research so they can get a grasp on what children are mostShow MoreRelatedKid Kustomers- Advertising845 Words   |  4 PagesThe original definition of the word â€Å"advertising† does not look that bad. It is simply explained as â€Å"calling the attention of the public to a product or business.† However, the advertising companies usually abuse the real meaning of advertising and try to sell their product no matter what it takes to do so. It is very hard not to notice advertisement in today’s world. The commercials, the adds, the posters are everywhere; from TV, newspapers magazines and billboards to even a bus that is taking usRead MoreMarketing Technique For The Marketing Of Cool By Juliet Schors And Eric Schlosser1308 Words   |  6 PagesJuliet Schor’s articl e, â€Å" Selling to children: The Marketing of Cool†, she mentions how products are accepted and interpreted by children in today’s society. However, in Eric Schlosser article, â€Å" Kid Kustomers†, he emphasizes on the constant antagonizing strategies through ads and televisions shows to target kids. Although Juliet Schors and Eric Schlosser are both speaking about corporations marketing to children, their articles differ quite significantly. While they both speak about corporation and theirRead MoreMy Children s Books Taught Me By Daniel Hade1327 Words   |  6 PagesDaniel Hade, who is a professor of language and literacy at Penn State College. In Eric Schlosser’s essay, Kid Kustomers, he explains the injustice of marketing, and the idea of â€Å"cradle to grave† advertizing. This idea of advertizing is basically to get a kid so attached or devoted to a brand/toy that they don t just buy it for themselves but for their kids in the future. Kid Kustomers helps us to better understand the book Lies My Children’s Books Taught Me by using â€Å"cradle to grave† exercisesRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Marketing on Children Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesEric Schlosser wrote an article titled â€Å"Kid Kustomers†. The main purpose of this article was to inform the readers about how advertisements are aiming towards children, so they could get their products sold. The article also states how companies base their advertisements on children’s interest and cartoon characters to attract them. In the text it stated that many parents are working, and dont have time to spend with their kids, so they spoil their kids with products. It has become easier for manufacturesRead MoreAd Takeover. Jim Fowles’ Advertising’S Fifteen Basic Appeals1371 Words   |  6 Pagesbuyer’s desire. Overall Fowles’ views on advertisements is how media has influenced our society. In Kid Kustomers, Eric Schlosser article he writes about ads appeal to our needs, meaning the ads make us feel hollow, therefore we go out and seek for love. Schlosser’s opinion corroborates with Fowles and Bordo’s ideas on how media is influencing society. I believe Schlosser has point in Kid Kustomers and how the ads have an attack on children early on and carry it throughout adolescents. He goes onRead More`` Kid s `` By Eric Schlosser1116 Words   |  5 Pageswould get if I ordered a certain meal, the bright colors, and the giant play house. I was so gullible and fell for almost every advertisement. In the article, â€Å"Kid Kustomers† by Eric Schlosser, he explains that global marketers are targeting kids for their businesses. He claims the parents tend to be too busy to spend quality time with their kids and figure spending money on them is the same as spending quality time with them. Then in Katha Pollitt’s article, â€Å"The Smurfette Principleâ € , she describesRead MoreMedia Is The Main Source Of Mass Communication877 Words   |  4 Pagessocial media also affects their social skills. If one is playing video games, they are wasting their social skills by not conversing with others. Relatively, advertising is used worldwide to target consumers. In Eric Schollser’s article titled â€Å"Kid Kustomers,† he states that most ads are targeted towards children and to influence â€Å"pester power.† This refers to children and teens troubling their parents to purchase a good seen in an ad. Overall, his article states how the younger generation is easilyRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On Children s Physical And Mental Health1531 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of consumers through advertisements. Advertising can effect children in a positive way but mostly in a negative way at a young age. Nowadays companies target kids more because they know it’s easy to catch their attention. Eric Schlosser was interested in the fast-food industry, he focused on children. In his article â€Å"Kid Kustomers† he argues that companies have affected young children to buy their products through advertisements. â€Å"Today children are being targeted by phone companies, oil companiesRead MoreThe Frightening Effects of Aggressive Advertising Targeting Children1386 Words   |  5 Pages such as the overwhelming bombardment of advertising directed at our children. We are so overwhelmed with work and other major issues that we overlook this negative force directed at our own kids. â€Å"Parents on the one hand have a hard time raising children the way they want to, while on the other hand, kids are being increasingly influenced by commercialism that often goes against what parents are trying to do† (Shah). Advertisers are increasingly focused on capturing the children’s attentions atRead MoreFast Food and the Risk of Childhood Obesity Essay1774 Words   |  8 Pagesmints for any kid to grab that delicious treat. Some schools in the nation have already begun the fight against the fast food epidemic, although they’re a much less percentage of the whole. The marketing strategies used by fast food brands mostly target children and adolescents. In his book Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser describes the history of child marketing explaining the concept of ‘kid kustomers’ McDonalds was the first fast food chain to direct their marketing towards kids. Schlosser explains

Organizational Behavior and Structure of Morgan Stanley

â…  . Introduction Morgan Stanley is a global financial business firm serving a diversified group of corporations, governments, financial institutions, and individuals in 36 countries around the world, and sets its headquarter in New York City. The main areas of business for the firm today are Global Wealth Management, Institutional Securities and Investment Management. Morgan Stanley settled its Asia Pacific headquarters in Hong Kong in 1987 and its main business helps shape global views on China and the Asia Pacific region. The Morgan Stanley of Hong Kong provides services to clients in investment banking, real estate, private equity, equity and securities trading, derivatives, prime brokerage, private wealth management and investment†¦show more content†¦Morgan Stanley chooses this kind of organizational structure to divide its business for its own special work in order to serve its customs well. The company emphasizes on program teams that can operate cross departments to allow employees performing the program under the best conditions. And this makes the company can respond quickly to customers’ needs. All in all, the cross-functional structure allows employees to create the set of functions they need in order to scan and monitor the competitive environment and obtain information about the way it is changing. With the right set of functions in place, Morgan Stanley’s managers are then in a good position to develop a strategy that allows the organization to respond to its changing situation quickly. Employees in the first line work level would communicate more with the customers. Under the cross-functional structure, the group can decide every aspect of a business. For example, the group formed to deal with real estate investment can make decision to set the price by themselves instead of the Morgan Stanley Marketing department. It will let the service firm keep itself closer to the market and customers. â… ¢.Individual Behaviors of Morgan Stanley Human behavior is complex and every individual is different from another, the situation of Morgan Stanley Hong Kong is that most of employees come fromShow MoreRelatedExecutive Management, Board Of Directors1336 Words   |  6 Pagesshareholders and/or stakeholders, but the way this ‘value is added and who is given priority while adding this value’ depends on the ‘perspectives’ (session1 slides) corporations choose to fulfill the objective of the given corporation. Corporation structures involve executive management, board of directors and its internal and external stakeholders. The executive management are at the helm of running the company, executing strategy and managing company operations, while corporate boards are supposedRead MoreGlobalization and Organizational Behavior1049 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand globalization and organizational behavior. Globalization is the tendency of businesses, technologies, or philosophies to spread throughout the w orld, or the process of making this happen. The global economy is sometimes referred to as a globality, characterized as a totally interconnected marketplace, unhampered by time zones or national boundaries (Search CIO). Organizational behavior is a field of study that studies individuals groups, and structure. Organizational behavior applies the knowledgeRead MoreRob Parson Case Study1733 Words   |  7 PagesManagement of People at Work Rob Parson Case Study 1 Case Overview The internal environment at Morgan Stanley was one of teamwork, employee development, dignity and respect. Morgan Stanley had developed a way of building consensus rather that individualism. Rob Parson was thrust into this environment – not sure of what was expected of him and with only one objective in mind – improving the performance of the Capital Markets division. He went about doing this ruthlessly without much care aboutRead MoreRob Parson Management Case Study Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesRob Parson Management Case Study 1 Case Overview The internal environment at Morgan Stanley was one of teamwork, employee development, dignity and respect. Morgan Stanley had developed a way of building consensus rather that individualism. Rob Parson was thrust into this environment – not sure of what was expected of him and with only one objective in mind – improving the performance of the Capital Markets division. He went about doing this ruthlessly without much care about the organizationRead MoreRob Parson Essay3074 Words   |  13 PagesRob Parsons: A Morgan Stanley Case Analysis Organizational Behavior and Leadership Fall 2012 Eric Potter Lindsay Hoh Ehsan Rashid Kwan Soo Myoung Kyle West I. Parsons’ Performance Assessment Overall, Rob Parson’s performance at Morgan Stanley has been very strong when numbers are taken into consideration. In his time at MS, he has brought on new clients and expanded his division’s market share dramatically, increasing it over 10 percentRead MoreTheu.s. Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform And Consumer Protection Act930 Words   |  4 Pages Dodd-Frank sought to provide a framework for firms to safely fail. Important financial institutions like AIG would come under more stringent regulations. They would be subject to more capital reserves and face more stress tests to curtail risky behavior. Increased capital reserves serve as buffers for companies to better absorb losses. Mainly, Dodd-Frank equipped the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) with Orderly Liquidation Authority (OLA) provisions, authorizing the FDIC to safelyRead MoreCorporate Internal Policy Interference : A Paramount Determinant Of The Mncs Direct Influence Over Government Policy1547 Words   |  7 Pagesto large corporate lobby groups over environmental and public interest groups who lack the financial resources and political support necessary to direct government policy decisions (J. Roberts, 2011). Environmental regulation entails the change in behavior of relevant actors through the exercise of political power. This process encompasses a balance of power between the regulatory power and the external industry and corporate firms who are being regulated (J. Roberts, p.54, 2011). Government attemptsRead MoreRoundtable on Corporate Ma and Shareholder Value.Pdf15810 Words   |  64 PagesGoobey, International Corporate Governance Network and Morgan Stanley Europe 41 44 Arthur Levitt, Jr., The Carlyle Group Theodor Baums, University of Frankfurt, and Kenneth E. Scott, Stanford Law School and Hoover Institution 64 Panelists: Robert Bruner, University of Virginia; Cliff Smith and Gregg Jarrell, University of Rochester; James Owen, The Bank Street Group; Marla Sincavage, Ernst Young; and Matt Ostrower, Morgan Stanley. Moderated by Mark Zupan, University of Rochester. Read MorePMCN Case Study3324 Words   |  14 PagesWilliamson (1975, 1992) can be identified in the PMCN. The company operates through established hierarchies, with a board of directors representing interests of shareholders, a management team and departments staffed to manage its daily affairs. This structure also exposes the company to the principal-agent problem highlighted in the TCT. Source: PMCN Staff Handbook (2011: 5) In addition, the researcher also identified that the existence of the satisficing idea described by Simon (1987) to mean thatRead MoreChallenges Facing Organizational Managers Employees Today in Relation to the Modern Theory of Organizational Behaviour2390 Words   |  10 PagesORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR TERM PAPER Challenges Facing Organizational Managers Employees Today in Relation to the Modern Theory of Organizational Behaviour. By 1. Edwin Nduati HD333-0249/2010 2. Daniel Gikandi HD333-0251/2010 3. Richard Sigey HD333-0250/2010 Presented to Dr. Margaret Ndungu Table of Contents ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR - TERM PAPER 1 Challenges Facing Organizational Managers Employees Today in Relation to the Modern Theory of Organizational Behaviour. 1 Organizations are facing different

Shoppers Stop free essay sample

As mentioned in the earlier report, Shoppers’ Stop is a chain of retail stores in India owned by K. Raheja Corp. It was established in 1991 and is presently spread across the nation. Shoppers’ Stop is considered as one stop multi-brand retail outlet providing leading international and national brands in clothing for men, women and kids, accessories, cosmetics, footwear and home furnishing. Independent store| In the earlier report, we came to a conclusion that even though Shopper’s Stop as a brand is very sociable, it needs to pick up momentum. While, they are very active on social networks like Facebook and Twitter, they need to pick up the pace on LinkedIn, on blogs and also Orkut. The recommendation pointed out the earlier report were that Shopper’s Stop needs to get more active on networks such as LinkedIn, YouTube and also on blogs since their target audience is more connected these networks. India, as a country is not as advanced with respect to social media. Some reports read that as per 2011, the most popular social networks in India are (in order of popularity): 1) Facebook 2) LinkedIn 3) Orkut (See Appendix 1. 1) Now, as we can see, Shopper’s Stop has successfully managed to tap two of the most widely used networks in India – Facebook and Orkut. It still needs to build itself and its network on LinkedIn and also on blogs since majority of the youth in India is now getting hooked to the blogging culture. Problem Statement Shopper’s Stop as a brand, is not very active on social networks which are very popular in the Indian market today. To make presence felt on networks like Facebook, Twitter on blogs and social media in general * To do interactive projects with different target group through the medium of social media * To make the Shopper’s Stop staff more efficient in dealing with customers and more aware of their presence on social media networks Audience identification and messages Shopper’s Stop should selectively identify its audience since they are promoting themselves online. They should target the net savvy generation and also people who run most of their businesses online. Strategies The strategy that Shopper’s Stop should use to build their image and name should be an Interactive strategy which will involve their publics to help them head off their problems. * Regular updates on Facebook and Twitter: * Shoppers Stop gets active on Facebook and Twitter only when they have offers, sales, discounts, etc. They should start posting randomly on Facebook and Twitter. They should start discussing some topics on Twitter, using a hash tag for identity and should regularly follow what their followers have to say and also regularly pitch into the conversations following those hash tags. On Facebook, they should not only put up posts about their offers and discounts; they should put up pictures of the kind of clothes that are currently on sale and they could also have hyper-links on those pictures which will take the viewer directly to the online shopping website if they like that particular clothing range. This might help changing the perception that people have about Shopper’s Stop not being a â€Å"net savvy brand†. * More offers: * As already noted in the weaknesses above, Shopper’s Stop does not run many offers. They run offers only during occasions like Diwali or Independence Day. I think they should run more offers like – discounts on women wear for Mother’s Day and the same with men’s clothing and kid’s clothing on Father’s Day and Children’s Day respectively, etc. This will help them not only hike their sales, but it will also help them increase interaction with their customers online once they start talking about such regular offers regularly on the social circuit. * Advertise on various websites: * Shopper’s Stop should tie up with website that their different target group frequent and should and try and advertise on such sites. For example, to attract children to their ‘Kids collection’ they should put up advertisements on website which allow kids to play to games; to attract the attention of the teenagers, Shopper’s Stop should target social networking sites and promote themselves there by putting up advertisements there, etc. By this, they will be in constant view of the public which will help them better their social presence. Another benefit that Shopper’s Stop can derive from this is the revenue they will make every time someone clicks on the advertisement. Shopper’s Stop is not completely out of the blogging world. They blog regularly about their stocks, shares, market fluctuations, etc. But this attracts only investors and not customers as such. Blogs is the best way to attract youth to your products since today’s youth is easily influenced by bloggers. Shoppers Stop has their maximum buyers between the age of 26 and 30 (See Appendix 1. 2). Youngsters from this age group are very net savvy and are very active on blogs. Shopper’s Stop should start blogging not only about their stocks and shares but also about their products, services, brands they sell, price ranges, etc. They should publicise about their blogs on Facebook and Twitter which will bring them to the notice of their customers. * Staff efficiency: * In the earlier report, we pointed out that Shopper’s Stop does not respond to any negative feedback posted either on their website or on their Facebook page. This builds a negative reputation for the company in the eyes of its public because the public feels neglected. Shopper’s Stop should appoint someone from the communications team to monitor these feedbacks and send out suitable response. However, if any of these feedbacks seem like they are serious and could be blown out of proportion, the senior management should be contacted immediately. With regards to negative feedbacks, it always works in favour of the company to be proactive than be inactive. Communication tactics Shopper’s Stop should rely on networks like Facebook, Twitter, Blogs, Google, etc as a tool for communication with its audience. Different networks have a somewhat different genre of people on it.

Jordanian Banks Profitability Return Assets -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Jordanian Banks Profitability Return Assets? Answer: Introducation Yes, there is a change in the profit margin over the past 3 years. The change in the profit margin shows a rise in the profit margin. In the year 2014 the company was not able to earn profit but in the year 2015, it shows 4.17% profit margin which again increased in the year 2016. In the year 2016, the profit margin of the company is approximately 5.39%. Might be possible that rise in the profit margin is because of the increase in the sales of the products of the company. The increase in the demand of the products by the customer can bring the increase in the sales of the product which ultimately affect the profit of the company (Vital Group Limited, 2014). The horizontal analysis shows that the profit for the year 2014 was in negative but in the year 2015 and 2016, it shows a rise in the profit. The vertical analysis also shows a positive rise in the net profit of the company. (Refer Appendix 1.1) Can you identify a trend in the return on equity ratio over the past three years? Comment on the trend. Briefly, discuss possible reasons for this trend. There is a vast change in the return on equity from the year 2014 to 2016. In the year 2014, the return on equity was negative 15.10% but in the year 2015 and 2016; it shows a rise in the return on equity. The reason behind the increase in the return on equity is quite genuine. The increase in the net profit will bring the rise in the return on equity. This simply means that company is able to make a profit with the amount invested by the equity shareholders. (Refer Appendix 1.1) Identify if the asset turnover ratio increased or decreased over the past three years? Is this a good result for the company? Briefly, discuss what the change indicates. The assets turnover ratio of the company increased over the past 3 years. Yes, it is good for the company. In the year 2014, the Asset turnover was 3.68 and later it increases in the year 2015 and 2016. This change in the ratio shows that company is making the full use of the assets in increasing the efficiency of the company. With the increase in the efficiency, company will be able to make the profit (Vital Group Limited, 2015). The horizontal and the vertical analysis show that the total assets of the company were less in the year 2014 as compared to 2013. On the other hand in the year 2015 and 2016 total assets were 12.27% and 18.75% respectively. The balance sheet of the vertical analysis of the company also shows an increase in the assets of the company. (Refer Appendix 1.1) Has the receivables turnover changed over the past three years? Is this a good result for the company? Briefly, discuss what the change indicates. Yes, there was a change in the Receivable turnover ratio over the past three years. In the year 2014 the receivable turnover was 13.438 but in the year 2015, it was 16.441 which is a rise in the value. In the year 2016, there was again a decline; the receivable turnover ratio was 15.882. The rise in the ratio is not a good result for the company because the rise in the receivable turnover ratio shows that the company is not able to manage the credit issues with the customers. The horizontal analysis shows a change in the trend of in the year 2014 was positive but in 2015, there was a decline in the change as compared to the previous year. Similarly, in the year 2016, there was a drastic change in the trend of the trade receivables. The vertical analysis of the trend shows a slightly up and down in the changes. This shows that company is trying to maintain the changes every year. (Refer Appendix 1.1) Has the inventory turnover changed over the past three years? Is this a good result for the company? Briefly, discuss what the change indicates. Yes, there is a change in the inventory turnover ratio over the past 3 years. The inventory turnover ratio shows an up and down in the past 3 years. This simply means that company is trying to bring the stability in the inventory turnover ratio. The fewer ratios show the fewer sales of the company but the high ratio shows that there is a rise in the sales of the company. There might be a possibility that the company offered a discount that is the reason there is an increase in the sales of the company. (Refer Appendix 1.1) Has the current ratio increased or decreased over the past three years? Is this a good result for the company? Briefly, discuss what the change indicates. The current ratio shows a slightly increased changed over past three years. In the year 2014 the current ratio of the company was 0.62 and till the year 2016, the ratio was 0.81. This clearly shows that there is a negligible rise in the ratio. The rise is the current ratio is a good result for the company. This shows the company's payback its liabilities with its assets (Michalski, 2014). The vertical analysis shows a trend of the current rise in the current assets (Vital Group Limited, 2016). In the year 2013, the current assets were 35.11% there was a rise in 2014. In the 2015 and 2016, there is an up and down % change. (Refer Appendix 1.1) Has the quick ratio increased or decreased over the past three years? Is this a good result for the company? Briefly, discuss what the change indicates. The quick ratio increased over the past 3 years. The quick ratio of the company also shows a slight rise in the ratio from the year 2014 to 2016. Yes, this a good result for the company. The rise in the quick ratio is a good result for the company the reason being it shows the company's ability to meet its short-term obligations with its liquid assets (Al Nimer, Warrad, Al Mari, 2015). (Refer Appendix 1.1) Has the cash flow (to current liabilities) ratio increased or decreased over the past three years? Is this a good result for the company? Briefly, discuss what the change indicates. The cash flow to current liability ration increased over the past 3 years. The operating cash flow ratio shows the liquidity of the company in the short term. Yes, it is a good result for the company. The company is trying to maintain a rise in the liquidity of the company. (Refer Appendix 1.1) Has the debt to assets ratio increased or decreased over the past three years? Is this a good result for the company? Briefly, discuss what the change indicates. The debt to assets shows a slight decline over the past 3 years. The high debt to assets ratio shows a high degree of leverage and consequently high financial risk. Yes, it is a good result for the company. Due to the high financial risk, the company avoids investing the debt amount in the assets. (Refer Appendix 1.1) Has the debt to equity ratio increased or decreased over the past three years? Is this a good result for the company? Briefly, discuss what the change indicates. There is a decrease in the debt to equity ratio, in the year 2014 the ratio was 3.06. In the year 2015 and 2016, the ratio was 1.89 and 1.45 respectively. This ratio shows the companys financial leverage, the ratio indicated how much debt the company is using to finance its assets. Yes, it is good for the company; the high equity ratio shows that the company is becoming aggressive in financing its growth with the use of the debt amount. (Refer Appendix 1.1) Conduct a horizontal analysis of the Income Statement for the past 4 years. Comment on any trends. The horizontal income statement of the company is also based on the base year 2013. The net profit of the company shows the decline in the year 2014 as compared to the year 2013. There is a rise in the trend change in the year 2015 and 2016. In the year 2015 and 2016, the change is 484.27% and 160.69% respectively. (Refer Appendix 1.2) Conduct a horizontal analysis of the Balance Sheet for the past 4 years. Comment on any trends. The horizontal balance sheet shows the changes according to the base year that is 2013. The company tries to maintain the liquidity to make the easy payment for the liabilities (Berg, A., Bjarnegrd, 2016). The cash of 2014 shows a decline as compared to 2013. Though, in the year 2015 and 2016, there is a hike in the trend that is approximately 67.90 and 30.80 respectively. (Refer Appendix 1.2) Conduct a vertical analysis of the Income Statement for the past 4 years. Comment on any trends. The vertical income statement shows the change in the trends of the company for past 4 years. In this, the revenue of the year 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 kept as 100%. There is a drastic change in the trends of the cost of goods sold. In the year 2013, the change was 31.02 but in the year 2014 and 2015 there is a change in the 66.47% and 67.96% respectively. (Refer Appendix 1.3)Conduct a vertical analysis of the Balance Sheet for the past 4 years. Comment on any trends. The vertical analysis of the balance sheet for the past year includes the amount related to the assets and the liability. The total assets are kept as a 100% for the year 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016. The most of the item included in the balance indicated in the rise in the change trend (Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso, 2015). The intangible assets (Goodwill) of the company show a decline in the changes over the past 4 years. (Refer Appendix 1.3) Conduct a trend analysis of Revenue and Net Profit after Tax and Abnormals in the Profit and Loss Statement for the past 3 years. Comment on any trends. The trend analysis of Revenue shows a positive change with the increase in the revenue of the company. This shows that the company might offer discount to the customers that result in the demand of the product along with the rise in the sales of the company. The graph shows that trend analysis of net profit of the 4 years. In the year 2014, there was a decline in the net profit as compared to the year 2013. Talking about 2015 and 2016 there is drastic high in the net profit of the vital group limited. References Al Nimer, M., Warrad, L., Al Mari, R. (2015). The Impact of liquidity on Jordanian banks profitability through return on assets. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(7), 229-232. Berg, A., Bjarnegrd, E. (2016). Dissecting Gender Imbalance: A Horizontal Perspective on When Risk Matters for the Assignment of Women to UN Peacekeeping Missions. Res Militaris, (2). Michalski, G. (2014). Value maximizing corporate current assets and cash management in relation to risk sensitivity: Polish firms case. Browser Download This Paper. Vital Group Limited. (2014). Annual Report 2014. viewed on 20th September 2017, https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=2cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwisr4ulpbPWAhUUTo8KHe55BWcQFggrMAEurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vitagroup.com.au%2Fscript%2Fdoc%2Fdocumentx.asp%3FObjectID%3DCE0BC9A7-E2D2-4263-88B9-B9C3A09064D1usg=AFQjCNFizWlEDNybOvOaJ9psf06V6a6Veg Vital Group Limited. (2015). Annual Report 2015. viewed on 20th September 2017, https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=2cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwisr4ulpbPWAhUUTo8KHe55BWcQFggrMAEurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vitagroup.com.au%2Fscript%2Fdoc%2Fdocumentx.asp%3FObjectID%3DCE0BC9A7-E2D2-4263-88B9-B9C3A09064D1usg=AFQjCNFizWlEDNybOvOaJ9psf06V6a6Veg Vital Group Limited. (2016) Annual Report 2016. viewed on 20th September 2017, https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=2cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwj--InspbPWAhXLro8KHZcpBrUQFggrMAEurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vitagroup.com.au%2Fscript%2Fdoc%2Fdocumentx.asp%3FObjectID%3DCBB55C46-ECE0-4344-BB7B-350B7EB7B362usg=AFQjCNHBzEVcv5Kb_mLUG7nP7BH9wlOMlA

Characteristics of main personalities of the play A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams Essay Example

Characteristics of main personalities of the play A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams Essay Tennessee Williams is one of the most provocative and widely respected playwrights in the modern theatre. His strengths in playwriting were in his bright and vivid characterizations and brilliant dialogues. A Streetcar Named Desire (original name was The Poker Night) is one of the most remarkable plays of our time. It has gathered the wide audience in contemporary dramatic literature. In the first year of its presentation in New York, the play received the Pulitzer Prize, The Donaldson Award and The New York Drama Critics Awards. The play has been produced in many countries throughout the world and has been made in to the popular movie with amazing Vivien Leigh and Marlon Brando. Many of the major themes of A Streetcar Named Desire are embodied in the history and culture of New Orleans. The lively setting of the French Quarter, with its streetcars, bars, entertainment, and jazz and blues music, provides a rich background for the emotional events of the play; the setting also draws symbolic attention to changes which were taking place in American society, especially in the South during the post-World war II years. The characters of the play are also very realistic and specific, I think that everyone of them deserves special note. Blanche DuBois is a complex individual who provokes strong reactions from the other characters. We know that she has been a schoolteacher in Mississippi but was asked to leave her job because of an obscure story with a student, that she was once a Southern belle from a wealthy family, and that she has a failed marriage and doubtful past which she has left behind. At once strong in her desires and determined in her claims on the men who are around her, and yet weak and forever looking for someone to take care of her, she gives off a series of conflicting signals. She is neurotic, psychologically deceived about her beauty and attractiveness, and perhaps also an alcoholic. In the opening scene where elegant and beautifully dressed woman who appears leads us to expect quite a different character to emerge than the fragile woman running from her past who begins to display her neuroses and obsessions during the following acts. We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of main personalities of the play A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of main personalities of the play A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of main personalities of the play A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The division between emotional surface and depth is brought out throughout the play in the way that Blanche cant face up to her past, but only reveals glimpses of it through her neurotic behavior and occasional comments. Blanche is also really self-centered. As a guest in a small apartment, her behavior seems very irritating. Not only must Blanches presence disrupt Stanley and Stellas sexual intimacy, but it also spoils the routine of their everyday life. The fact that she freely (and dishonestly) drinks Stanleys whisky and that she sends the pregnant Stella off to get a drink for her emphasizes a selfish nature. But despite all of her disadvantages, Blanche comes across as a sympathetic character. Williams himself commented that . . . when I think about her, Blanche seems like the youth of our hearts which has to be put away for worldly considerations: poetry, music, the early soft feelings that we cant afford to live with under a naked light bulb which is now. Much of Stanleys character is seen through his relationship with Blanche. Her response to Stanleys strong presence suggests that he is some kind of an animal. In earlier versions of the play, Stanley had a gentler, ineffectual side, but in the final writing of A Streetcar Williams made him Blanches complete opposite angry, animalistic, and reliant on his basic instincts. These qualities are seen most clearly in Blanches comment to Stanley that youre simple, straightforward and honest, a little bit on the primitive side I should think. To interest you a woman would have to . . .. The sentence is finished off for her by Stanley, but what we suspect she would have said is what she later says to Stella: that the only way to live with a man like Stanley is to go to bed with him. For Blanche, Stanleys sexual appeal and his primitive nature are closely bound up together. Stanleys actions are what would now be described as macho. But not only is he violent in his masculinity, he also appears to lack any sense of moral order: his rape of Blanche does not strike him as betraying any moral principles. It is simply the outcome of their strained relationship. At the same time Stanley represents the new social order of modern America as a contrast to the decayed gentility of Blanches Southern manners. This is also seen in the fact that Williams makes him an immigrant who is proud to be part of the new society of a multi-cultural America: I am not a Polack. People from Poland are Poles, not Polacks. But what I am is one hundred percent American . . . so dont ever call me a Polack. Stella appears to be a simple character, but is actually more intriguing than her role as sister and wife to the plays two main protagonists would suggest. She acts as a background for both characters, allowing their selfishness and emotional failings to be emphasized. In relation to Stanley, Stella is sensitive and loving, practical and sometimes independent. She clearly loves Stanley, despite his many failings and his violence towards her, and she is willing to accept his temper as part of the passion they feel for each other: But there are things that happen between a man and a woman in the dark that sort of make everything else seem unimportant. Like many other people in society, Stella continues to function in her daily life despite considerable incident. Blanche pays attention to this stoical aspect of Stellas character when she comments: I never had your beautiful self-control. Stellas decision symbolizes a greater choice facing American society. She rejects Blanches strategy of living in a glamorous past and chooses instead the rational, practical, sometimes flawed world which her marriage to Stanley represents. By the way, Eunice and Steve, who live upstairs from Stanley and Stella, are a vision of what Stanley and Stella could become. Eunice is overweight and run down from too many pregnancies while Steve is not particularly understanding or supportive of his wife. Domestic violence appears to be routine in their marriage. Despite their failings, however, Steve and Eunice are not negative characters, but quite the contrary they are hospitable and neighborly. Mitch is also one of the main characters of the play. He is gentle and discreet while Stanley is rude and sexually forward. Blanche is aware of his kindness and even comments on it, saying, I thanked God for you, because you seemed to be gentle. Mitchs actions reveal him as a deluded and rather pathetic man who has not fully got to know how relationships work. Although Mitch may be upstaged by his more powerful friend, his actions bring about the destructive ending of the play. For now, I tried to observe all the main characters of a play and describe their personal qualities. Some of them (such as Blanche and Stanley) are versatile and presented deeper and fuller than the others, but still every person represents his own individuality and original principles, views, character traits and emotions. Taken together they depict complicated and detailed portrait of a relevant society of New Orleans with all its values and vices.

5 Misplaced Phrases

5 Misplaced Phrases 5 Misplaced Phrases 5 Misplaced Phrases By Mark Nichol The flexibility of the English language is a blessing and a curse: It is commendable because it invites creativity, but the feature can also be a flaw, leading to confused context. In these five sentences, the faulty positioning of a phrase mars the meaning. 1. â€Å"Meanwhile, his supporters continue to physically assault and terrorize student protesters.† When only the first of two parallel verbs is preceded by an adverb, that word is assumed to modify both verbs, but although it is possible to physically terrorize someone, that probably isn’t the writer’s meaning. To distinguish that the adverb modifies only the first verb and because physical assault is more egregious than terrorizing, and ascending order is an effective syntactical scheme the order in which the verbs appear should be inverted: â€Å"Meanwhile, his supporters continue to terrorize and physically assault student protesters.† 2. â€Å"For all its faults, the Bush administration regards the regime as an ally in the so-called war on terror.† This sentence structure suggests that the faults are being attributed to the Bush administration, rather than to the regime. To correct this misstatement, relocate the interjection â€Å"for all its faults† to follow the reference to the latter government rather than the former: â€Å"The Bush administration regards the regime, for all its faults, as an ally in the so-called war on terror.† 3. â€Å"The battle lines had been drawn, but I waged my war against plagiarism, determined that I would not could not lose for my students’ sake.† The placement of â€Å"for my students’ sake† at the end of the sentence, after lose, creates the impression that the idea is of the teacher losing for the sake of his or her students. The statement is clearer when the phrase is inserted parenthetically earlier in the sentence: â€Å"The battle lines had been drawn, but for my students’ sake, I waged my war against plagiarism, determined that I would not could not lose.† 4. â€Å"They whisper to each other across the room from their respective twin beds.† The proximity of â€Å"across the room† to â€Å"from their respective twin beds† implies that the whisperers are located together across from where the beds are situated. To more clearly express that each whisperer is on or in his or her own bed, attach â€Å"across the room† to whisper, the verb the phrase modifies. â€Å"They whisper across the room to each other from their respective twin beds.† 5. â€Å"She picked Verrà ¼ckt nach Mary off the shelf, the German-dubbed version of There’s Something About Mary, and held the package up.† Here, the fact that shelf immediately precedes â€Å"the German-dubbed version of There’s Something About Mary† implies that they are in apposition, meaning that the phrase describes the shelf). However, it is an appositive describing the movie with the German title, so it should immediately follow the title: â€Å"She picked Verrà ¼ckt nach Mary, the German-dubbed version of There’s Something About Mary, off the shelf and held the package up.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point Arc15 Great Word GamesWhat the heck are "learnings"?

Policing And Its History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Policing And Its History - Research Paper Example Under the reign of King Alfred, the structure of internal police force was established, under which different landowners were required to protect the territories of the kingdom, and arrest criminals, as well as bring them to trials. Furthermore, a group of citizens founded their own force, in order to keep the King’s police in check and to see that it does not abuse its power. Thus, these citizens made a force which guaranteed them mutual protection, and also was responsible for catching criminals and giving them to the King’s police. These citizens called themselves ‘tythingmen’, and gradually their numbers reached hundred, and they became in charge of the organization of court, and handled civil matters and disagreements.\ After the Norman invasion of England in 1066, a few changes were made to the old system of justice. The ‘tythingmen’ lost some of their power, as Sheriffs were introduced. These sheriffs were in control of local law enforcement, and were directly appointed by the King, and were answerable to him. The hundred ‘tythingmen’ were upgraded to the ‘Court of Tourn’. The Court attended several numerous, most of which were related to small crimes and civil disobedience. But a few men from the Court were placed in charge of more grave matters, which could only be solved by them. A ‘Court Leet’ was also established, which was to attend all local village matters, and the head of this court was called ‘Comes Stable’, which later changed to Constable- a term still used for police officials. In the 1700s, this system of justice and law started to disintegrate, as the kingdom began to expand and cities were established. The constables became fraudulent and did not take their jobs seriously. Bribes became common among the police force, and criminals were able to escape without being punished or imprisoned. Charges were dropped and crime flourished in the cities. Finally, in the

Spontaneous face-to-face communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Spontaneous face-to-face communication - Essay Example It is also important to be able to reflect the degree of politeness in the process of communication. It usually takes more time to reflect the real essence of an individual in the communication process, because a spontaneous communication cannot reflect the real essence and the real inner world of an individual. Politeness as an integrative component of individuals’ communication between each other is often considered as means to â€Å"convey, interpret, maintain and alter social relationships† (Brown and Levinsion, p.5). Brown and Levinson (1987) are two scientists who studied the important role of politeness in the process of communication. They claimed that people are polite across cultures in order to facilitate the process of communication or to soften their desires or intentions. In other words, these scientists claimed that being polite is a threat-mitigating strategy used by individuals. â€Å"Face† in the process of communication The concept of â€Å"face† is the primary operating concept for these scientists that means the â€Å"positive social value a person effectively claims for himself† (Brown and Levinsion 1987, p.5). Any person may be afraid of losing his face in the process of communication. Nevertheless, the scientists underline that there are possible positive and negative faces that an individual may have. A positive face is more relevant to the majority of social actors. It implies that an individual is striving for high social esteem, social approval etc. A negative face implies that an individual wants to be autonomous, have his/her own will etc.

The market and Krispy Kreme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The market and Krispy Kreme - Essay Example The paper tells that a worldwide doughnut company was born in an old building on July 13, 1937. Krispy Kreme was established in Winston-Salem, North Carolina by Vernon Rudolph. Then just a store, Krispy Kreme used a classified recipe for yeast-raised doughnuts. Because of the very appealing aroma of freshly cooked doughnuts, mere passers-by would inquire to ask if they can have an order of the freshly cooked treat. With such request from customers, Rudolph then put a hole on an outside wall of the store to make the fresh and hot Krispy Kreme doughnut more accessible to its buyers. Most of the time, it is the product’s consistency whether in taste or in quality that appears to be the problem. Krispy Kreme is not an exemption to this inconsistency. For the company to be able to hurdle over this hindrance in quality, Krispy Kreme constructed a mixing plant and a distributing system that will deliver the perfect Krispy Kreme doughnut mix. The company did not just bring an original yeast-raised doughnut to the market but also a technology that will increase product consistency in its stores. The 1940s and 50s were the decades that Rudolph and his equipment engineers created Krispy Kreme’s own doughnut-making machineries. Even if the company was just starting to expand its market across the state, it was pretty obvious that Vernon Rudolph cared about the quality of the products that his company will be giving out to its market. This proves that the company is putting their customers first and not just the amount of money the company can make. As long as the customers are happy, the satisfaction that the doughnuts are bringing to its patrons will equate to the company’s well-earned income. The quality consistency hurdle was surpassed by the company. Although, it was considered as a challenge since Krispy Kreme was just starting its ground on broader market, the problem was properly addressed by Rudolph and a contingency plan was made to ensure tha t the public and the patrons of the products will get the quality products that they deserve. Delivering the mixture on a daily basis increased the expenses of the company. To cut the expenses being brought by the regular transportation of the mixture, Rudolph together with his equipment engineers developed Krispy Kreme’s own doughnut-making machineries. It was a wise marketing strategy in ensuring the quality of the products that are being produced by the different stores and still be able to achieve the desired profit out of the stores. A decade was dedicated to further develop and systematize the whole doughnut-making process (KrispyKreme.Com, 2009; David & Musa, 2008, p. 26). The first international Krispy Kreme store was opened on December 2001 in Canada near Toronto. The company further expanded its market to Australia and Europe in 2003. Asia, Southern America and the Middle East were the next markets that the doughnut company explored. Krispy Kreme Doughnuts (KKD) was able to expand their markets in 5 continents in less than a decade. KKD has a total of 123 stores in 5 continents by the 28th of January 2007. Two hundred thirty nine KKD factory stores and 33 satellite stores were operating giving a total of 272 stores nationwide (KrispyKreme.Com, 2009; David & Musa, 2008, p. 27). KKD then focused more on the markets in Asia and the Middle East. Demographically, KKD perceives that these 2 locations will be more favorable for its products. Asia and the Middle East have high consumptions of sweet goods which will work pretty well for the company’s signature products. It has also been noted that Western products have high popularity in these Eastern locations. The future success of KKD in these places given the fore mentioned facts appears to be very promising (David & Musa, 2008, p. 27). The Asian and Middle East markets is showing very good potential with regards to KKD’s success. There is one market that the company

Skill framework for the information age

Skill framework for the information age Introduction In this report, containing what is Skill Framework for the Information Age (SFIA), how is SFIA works and how is SFIA been used recently. The career management system been referenced is SHELL oil company which using SFIA Version 3 started from 2008. Question 1 In 21st century, the fast growing and moving up of technology, so there are needed of some identifying skills for IT professionals and improve their working effectiveness. To overcome the problem of identifying the needed skills, a trustable and understandable framework is needed, building-up this framework always a challenging task. SFIA, which stands for Skill Framework for the Information Age (SFIA) and also pronounced sound like the name SOPHIA.SFIA is a referencing tool for people to identify and understand Professional IT Skills to build an effective Information Systems (IS) with using Information Communications Technologies (ICT). SFIA also created for busy people who are managing IT professionals, and wish to improve results. SFIA is a framework that including two-dimensional which is Work and Level of Responsibility. SFIA can be a reference script for those new user who dont understand IT skills, and it defines professional skills which needed and provided diagnostic information. The purpose of SFIA is to help employers of IT professionals to lower the project risk, retain employees, have more effective recruitment and increase quality and efficiency of IT function. The correct skills would help the employers have a best way to make a proper career way for the staffs. SFIA foundation describes SFIA as SFIA enables employers of IT professionals to carry out a range of HR activities against a common framework of reference including skill audit, planning future skill requirements, development programmes, standardization of job titles and functions, and resource allocation. SFIA is built as a simple two-dimensional matrix, one axis shows the skills in categories and subcategories, another axis describes the different levels of responsibility and accountability for IT staffs. SFIA including 86 skills, each of the skills has an overall definition and then recognized seven level skill with more detailed descriptor. There are total amount of 295 descriptors. For user easier to recognize the areas of work in IT, the skills are separated into Categories and then separated again into Subcategories. The six Categories are defined in: Strategy architecture, Business change, Solution development implementation, Service management, Procurement management support and Client interface. There are some Subcategories in each Categories to make the information and definitions be more detailed. There are seven levels of responsibility in SFIA, all of the levels define 4 key dimensions of responsibility which is autonomy, influence, complexity and business skills. For easier to refer, the levels are set in number from 1 to 7 with a simple description : Level 1 Follow Level 2 Assist Level 3 Apply Level 4 Enable Level 5 Ensure, advise Level 6 initiate, influence Level 7 Set strategy, envision SFIA makes the organization to provide what is the jobs requirement or capability to the interviewee and there is no fixed conditions for the job. Managing and developing skills are the main points due to both employees and employers. By using SFIA, the organization identifies each roles which needed to make the process of business be successful. Through SFIA, the interviewee will be helped to map their skills and experience within an IT job, and also makes individuals career path much clearer. Capability of person would be the main characteristic from the management cycle. SFIA also used by the organization to measure and evaluate skills to the industry standard, other than that, SFIA can be a model to plan training activities to the staffs and determine skills gaps between the time. Question 2 A career management system of a organization has been research and reference which is SHELL Oil Company. As all of us know, SHELL petrol station located everywhere in our country and SHELL is the largest oil company in the world. In 2008, SHELL used SFIA V3 Based IT Competence Framework. To improve the business demand, SHELL designed the new IT Competence Framework to help them reach the task. The character of IT in SHELL is refreshing which means the what is the method for SHELL to provide IT services from is refreshing, so SHELL has created a New Integrated Delivery Model (IDM). There are some different set competences for new / different IT job families, which needed by the new IDM. So SHELL changing the IT competence framework and improve the chances for IT learning and development. Why SHELL choose SFIA as their framework. Because of SHELLs main market is not on Information technology (IT), so SHELL rather to use a built and mutual framework than to build a framework by own self. SHELL as a worldwide organization, so they have to able to overcome all of the interests, and SHELL just can choose the only workable competence model which is SFIA. SFIA provides the chance to SHELL to benchmark themselves and comparing with other major user. The earlier framework using by SHELL started in 2001 which is BSC Industry Structure Model Ver.3 (ISM3). SFIA Plus was designed to map with the ISM3, SHELL were able to map ISM3 with the SFIA Plus and SHELL gain confidence in framework. According to SHELL, We were able to map the Shell Job Grade structure to SFIA levels via the mapping guidance between ISM3 and SFIA.. SHELL had a step forward by changing to SFIA framework. The new framework in SHELL list out the skill / knowledge to the individuals must required Analytical Thinking, Attention to Detail, Organizational Awareness , Decision Making, Goal Orientation and etc. These make the organization and the individuals have and know the basic condition for the job application. The framework describes the jobs and competences in few steps: 1. A position is including in a job family 2. Defined the job family by using SFIA 3. Determine the proof points to each job family which has a competence profile. 4. Staff develop a personal competence profile 5. Comparing the personal profile with the job profile to identify development needs 6. Plan staffs future career by using job map. SHELL had launch My:IT portal and booklet, which use to implement and use of the new IT Competence Framework. The My:IT provides IT staff about the information which needed in the services, and descriptions of the IT competence and the different levels for every line in the organization. My:IT also provide the learning and development chances of job and for each IT functional Competence. There are 4-box models that use to learn and development guidelines to address competence gaps: Reference Materials, Training Courses, Professional Experiences and On-the-Job+Coaching.

Essay --

Service delivery is one of the most challenging tasks that face many organizations today. This is even worse in cases where factors such modality of fulfillment of a given service, challenges inherent in it and productivity measurements are not properly understood. My company deals with a complaint resolution service. This is a service product that is delivered directly to clients who depend on it for the purpose of redress concerning misunderstanding or disagreements as far as the company’s products are concerned. Customer dissatisfaction is highly dangerous for the existence and prosperity of any given business as it may make the business to collapse so easily. It is upon this concept that the company operates with a view to ensuring that all customer related misunderstandings are dealt with swiftly and compassionately so that clients do not feel neglected or misunderstood. Complaint resolution, as hard as it is, is a very delicate interaction between the client and the company agents. This means that it should be handled carefully by taking into account the key requirements that it deserves. The requirements for complaint resolution are many and generic. They include patient and credence, feedback and time, customer inclusion and respect, record and documentation among others. First, and most obviously, patient of the highest level is needed. This is recommended in the cases where an agent is involved in a complicated case that may need more time to handle in one hand, and urgency on the other. In addition, any company agent is required to be patient with controversial clients who may not give room for explanations as to what could be the remedy of a given misunderstanding. Patient is also recommended as the best way of... ...ining and continual financial support. Even though it is difficult to measure the productivity of this service product, customer complaint resolution, parameters like increase and decline in customer-related claims is a perfect gauge of its performance. Concisely, it is suffice to say that customer complaint resolution is highly necessary for any business. This is because any customer dissatisfaction may of consequences to the survival and prosperity of the company. As a result, all customer-related complaints should be dealt with swiftly and compassionately by taking into account all the key requirements that underpin the exercise lest any deviation cost the company dearly. On the same note, this service should be carried procedurally by taking into account all the recommended steps involved in order to ensure quality customer service delivery in the company.

Overview Of Cooling System Engineering Essay

In order to cut downing fuel ingestion and run into the emanation criterions, many betterments has been made. The illustrations of the betterments are combustion schemes, fuel injection system, exhaust emanation and fuel quality [ 1 ] . There are four possible beginnings of atmospheric pollution from the car. Without emanation controls, a carburettor and fuel armored combat vehicle emits bluess, the crankcase emits blowby gases and the tailpipe emits exhaust gases that contain pollutants. The chief regulated pollutant in engine fumes are nitrogen oxides ( NOx ) , C monoxide ( CO ) , unburned hydrocarbon ( HC ) and smoke [ 2 ] . These air pollutants are harmful to human existences every bit good as workss and animate beings. The jurisprudence now requires automotive makers to put in emanation controls. Car that gives away inordinate sum of air pollutants may non be allowed on the streets someday. Stronger Torahs restricting automotive air pollution and compulsory review and care has been proposed. These Torahs are portion of the authorities policy that autos must lend every bit small as possible to the job of air pollution. Each auto already have three major systems for commanding pollutants from these beginnings that is positive crankcase airing ( PVC ) , evaporative emanation control and exhaust emanation control. But in this survey we want to concentrate more on engine chilling system and its effects to the emanation decrease, fuel ingestion and engine public presentation. Now, we will through about the constituents of engine chilling system and its maps. Engine chilling system is a system that responsible for chilling the engine by let go ofing heat through the chilling fives so that the auto & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s engine is non excessively hot or non excessively cold. This system helps to convey the engine up at to normal runing temperatures every bit rapidly as possible and maintain the operating temperature for efficient map of the auto engine. It is really of import to maintain the engine at its most operating temperature at all velocities and runing conditions. Burning fuel in the engine produces heat. Some of the heat must be taken away before it amendss the engine parts. This is one of the occupations that performed by the chilling system. If the engine temperature is excessively low, fuel ingestion will lift and if the temperature is excessively hot for excessively long, the engine will overheat.1.2 TYPES OF COOLING SYSTEMThere are two types of auto chilling system which is the air chilling system and liquid chilling sys tem. Air chilling system is a system that uses air as a chilling agent. It is normally used in individual cylinder engines such as bikes while liquid chilling system is known as the radiator system. It a system that uses liquid as a chilling agent and is used in a multi-cylinder engine such as autos and trucks. Radiator is the important constituents in the auto chilling system. It ensures the engine is non overheating. Figure 1.1: Cooling System Components [ 12 ]1.3 COMPONENTS OF COOLING SYSTEM1.3.1 WATER JACKETFor operation of the chilling systems, it uses five basic parts or constituents to make the occupation in commanding the engine temperature that is H2O jackets, H2O pump, thermoregulator, radiator and fan. Water jackets are unfastened infinites between the cylinder walls and the outside shell of the block and caput. Coolant from the H2O pump flows foremost through the block H2O jackets. Then, the coolant flows up through the cylinder caput H2O jackets and back to the radiator.1.3.2 WATER PUMPWater pump normally known as impeller pumps. It is attached to the forepart of the engine and are driven by a belt from crankshaft block. The pump circulates every bit much as 28 390 L of coolant an hr. As the impeller rotates, the curving blades draw coolant from the underside of the radiator. It forces the coolant from the pump mercantile establishment to the H2O jackets. The impeller shaft is supporte d on certain bearings which ne'er need lubrication. The seals prevent the coolant from leaking past the bearings.1.3.3 RadiatorRadiator is a heat money changer that removes heat from engine coolant that go throughing through it. The heat transportation from the hot coolant to the ice chest outside air. It has three chief parts that is radiator nucleus, recess and mercantile establishment armored combat vehicles. The nucleus consists of set of tubings and set of fives that attached to the tubings. Figure 1.2: Coolant Flow Inside Engine Cooling System [ 12 ] C: UsersFaisal Mamat.FaisalMamat-PCDesktopCapture.PNG1.3.4 ThermostatFor thermoregulator, it is a heat operated valve that regulates the coolant temperatures. It does this by commanding the coolant flow from the engine to the radiator. The thermoregulator is in the coolant transition between the cylinder caput and the radiator. The valve in thermostat stay unfastened and close as coolant temperature alterations. Equally long as the coolant temperature is below the thermoregulator set point, the thermoregulator remains closed. Once the temperature arrives at the set point, the thermoregulator starts to open, directing heated coolant through the radiator. The radiator so cools the het engine coolant and the H2O pump forces the coolant back through the engine. The transition to the radiator is closed when the engine is cold so the engine can warms up more rapidly. Engine heat corsets in the engine alternatively of being carrie d to the radiator. Figure 1.3: Closed Position of Thermostat [ 12 ] Figure 1.4: Open Position of Thermostat [ 12 ]1.3.5 ELECTRIC FANAn electric fan is turned on by thermostatic switch merely when needed. For illustration, it turns on when the coolant temperature reach 93 & A ; Acirc ; & A ; deg ; C and turn off back the fan if the coolant drops below this temperature. But on vehicles with air conditioning, turning on the air conditioner bypass the thermostatic switch. The fans run all the clip when air conditioner is on. The fan is controlled by electronic control faculty ( ECM ) in many vehicles with an electronic engine control system.1.4 PROPERTIES OF COOLANT1.4.1 TAP WATERTap H2O is drinkable H2O supplied to a pat inside the family or workplace. The application of engineerings involved in supplying clean H2O to places, concerns and public edifices is a major subfield of healthful technology. Specific chemical compounds are frequently added to tap H2O during the intervention procedure to set the pH or take contaminations, every bit good as Cl to kill biological toxins. The usage of tap H2O adversely affect the auto chilling system. Tap H2O contains Mg and Ca ions that will organize the xanthous precipitate ( rust ) when the H2O becomes hot. The xanthous precipitate will be attached to the auto engine after long clip period and this will cut down the soaking up of heat from the engine. If this rust become denser, it can interfere the transition of chilling liquid in the auto chilling system.1.4.2 ETHYLENE GLYCOL ( EG )Ethylene ethanediol is an organic compound widely used as an automotive antifreeze and a precursor to polymers. In its pure signifier, it is an odorless, colorless, syrupy, sweet-tasting liquid. Ethylene ethanediol is toxic, and consumption can ensue in decease. Ethylene ethanediol is produced from ethene via the intermediate ethene oxide. The major usage of ethene ethanediol is as a medium for convective heat transportation. For illustration, cars and liquid cool ed computing machines. Pure ethene ethanediol has a specific heat capacity about one half that of H2O. So, while supplying freezing protection and an increased boiling point, ethylene ethanediol lowers the specific heat capacity of H2O mixtures relative to pure H2O. A 50/50 mix by mass has a specific heat capacity of about 0.75 BTU/lb F, therefore necessitating increased flow rates in same system comparings with H2O.1.5 FuelGasoline is a transparent, crude oil derived liquid that is used chiefly as a fuel in internal burning engines. It consists largely of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillment of crude oil, enhanced with a assortment of additives. Some gasolene besides contain ethanol as an alternate fuel. A good gasolene quality should hold: Proper volatility, which determines how easy the gasolene vaporizes. Resistance to trip knock or explosion. Oxidation inhibitors, which prevent formation of gum in the fuel system. Antirust agents, which prevent rusting of metal parts in the fuel system. Detergents, which maintain aid maintain the carburettor or fuel injectors clean. Dye for designation, such as ruddy oculus which gives leaded gasolene a rust or orange coloring material.1.5.1 VOLATILITYVolatility is the easiness with which a gasolene vaporizes. Gasoline must zap rapidly after it is assorted with air in the throttle organic structure or intake manifold. Otherwise, beads of liquid gasolene enter the cylinder walls. This increases wear of the cylinder walls, Pistons and rings. Gasoline that does non zap will non fire. It leaves the cylinder in the fumes gas and pollutes the air. This wastes gasolene and reduces fuel economic system. Volatility determines how rapidly a gasolene can zap. A high volatility gasolene can zap rapidly while a low volatility gasolene vaporizes easy. Gasoline must hold the right volatility for the clime in which it is used.1.5.2 ANTIKNOCK QUALITYAntiknock is known as octane evaluation. It measure the gasolene ability to defy knock during burning. The higher the octane evaluation, the greater the engine ‘s opposition to strike hard. The knocking in your engine occurs when the air fuel mixture detonates prematurely. Since it is the gasolene vapour that ignites, the air fuel mixture must be right to fire swimmingly. Some of the jobs associated with knock are overheating of engine parts such as valves, Pistons and flicker stoppers.1.6 EmissionThen we will travel for the account about the burning in the engine and how it ensuing emanation. Automotive fuels such as gasolene are made largely of two elements that H and C. They have chemical symbols H and C. This type of fuel is hydrocarbon ( HC ) . During complete burning in the engine, these two elements unite with other component, the gas O. Oxygen, normally in the signifier of free O ( O2 ) , makes up approximately 20 per centum of the Earth atmosphere. This is the air that we breathe. During burning procedure, each atom of O will unify with two H atoms. Each C atom unites with two O atoms. Oxygen unifying with H green goodss H2O ( H2O ) . Carbon unifying with O green goodss gas C dioxide ( CO2 ) . During burning, the combustion of air fuel mixture in the engine cylinder may make 2200oC or higher. This high temperature produces force per unit area in the engine that makes it run and produces power. With perfect burning, all the H and C in gasolene would unify with the O. The fumes would incorporate merely harmless H2O and CO2. But burning is non perfect in the engine. Some of the gasolene ( HC ) does non fire. Besides, some of it merely partially burns. This produces C monoxide ( CO ) . This deficiency of O prevents the formation of C dioxide. The unburned gasolene and partially burned gasolene ( CO ) issue from the engine through the tailpipe. Once in the air, it will do atmospheric pollution. Another group of atmospheric pollutants the engine is nitrogen oxide ( NOx ) . About 80 per centum of the ambiance is gas N ( N ) . High temperatures in the burning chamber do some of the N and O to unify and organize N oxide ( NOx ) .1.7 PROBLEM STATEMENTNowadays the rate of fuel ingestion presently traveling on throughout the universe is rather dismaying. Fuel ingestion and emanation rates are off the chart. This will give negative impact to the environment and increase the pollution rate. Basically the power to travel a motor vehicle comes from the combustion of air fuel mixture in an engine. Air pollutants from vehicles comes from the merchandises of this burning procedure. With perfect burning procedure, the emanation would be H2O ( H2O ) and C dioxide ( CO2 ) . Both of these are harmless gases. But burning is non perfect in an engine. Some of the gasolene ( HC ) does non fire and some of it merely partially burns. This produces C monoxide ( CO ) and nitrogen oxide ( NOx ) . Both of these gases are air pollutants and take a breathing contaminated air is really bad for human and animate beings. Then the demand for low cost auto from client that has good public presentation with low fuel ingestion and emanation besides addition. Normally auto that has good public presentation will hold high fuel ingestion and emanation rate. In order to work out these jobs, the survey about engine chilling system and its effects towards engine public presentation, fuel ingestion and emanation decrease will be conducted. Two types of liquid chilling such as tap H2O and ethene ethanediol will be used and its temperature will be checked in order to look into the influenced to these 3 end products.1.8 OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCHTo analyze the consequence of engine chilling system and its constituents to the engine public presentation, fuel ingestion and emanation. To look into the influence of per centum of ethene ethanediol in the coolant and coolant temperature set point to the engine public presentation, fuel use and emanation rate.1.9 SCOPE OF THE RESEARCHThe range of this researched is chiefly about the fluctuations per centum of coolant ( ethylene ethanediol ) mixed with H2O and its temperature effects towards engine public presentation, fuel ingestion and emanation. The per centum that will be used for ethylene ethanediols are 30 % , 50 % and 70 % . For every per centum, the coolant temperature set point will be controlled utilizing two sort of thermoregulator with temperature set point 80oC and 100oC. The increasing temperature in cylinder block by increasing the coolant temperature consequences in fuel nest eggs and emanation decrease. Boiling Point Ethylene Glycol solution ( % by volume ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Temperature F 212 214 216 220 220 225 232 245 260 288 386 C 100 101.1 102.2 104.4 104.4 107.2 111.1 118 127 142 197 Table 1.1: Boiling Point of Ethylene Glycol Solutions [ 13 ] Car theoretical account that will be used is Perodua Kancil 660cc ( 4 shot and 3 cylinder ) . Then for the fuel, gasoline RON 95 will be used. Three trial will be conducted in investigate the engine public presentation, fuel ingestion and emanation rate. The trial for engine public presentation is dynamometer trial. A ergometer is a device that is used for mensurating force, minute of force ( torsion ) , and power. For illustration, the power produced by an engine, motor or other revolving premier mover can be calculated by at the same time mensurating torsion and rotational velocity ( RPM ) . For the fuel ingestion, we will carry on a fuel trial by utilizing a new armored combat vehicle provided by automotive lab. Unit of measurement to mensurate the fuel trial is in liter/km. To mensurating the emanation rate, gas analyser is used and the measuring unit is in concentration of gas which is parts per million ( ppm ) .1.10 SIGNIFICANT OF THE RESEARCHThis survey will give better apprehension and exposure about the operation in the engine chilling system and how it will effects the engine public presentation, fuel ingestion and emanation. Reducing the fuel disbursals by auto users as the rate of fuel ingestion reduced. The expected end product to cut downing the emanation will ensue in increased the air quality that is harmful to worlds. It besides will take in cut downing the air pollution rate and supply more safer environment for people. The low cost auto with good public presentation and low on fuel and emanation rate besides will be develop.2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Cooling SYSTEM OPERATIONA immense sum of heat is generated in the internal burning engines. It is created when the air fuel mixture is ignited inside the burning chamber. The detonation that occur will do the Piston to be forced down indoors the cylinder, prying the connecting rods and turning the crankshaft. The temperatures of the metal parts around the cylinder can transcend 2500oC. To forestall the constituents such as engine oil, cylinder walls, Pistons, and valves from overheating, it is necessary to efficaciously dispose the heat. Approximately 30 % of heat in the burning procedure is lost into the ambiance through the fumes system, 35 % is converted into power to drive the vehicle and the staying 35 % lost as heat through the cylinder walls [ 9 ] . Water pump is attached at the forepart of the engine and driven by a belt from crankshaft block. The impeller rotates and the curving blades draw liquid chilling from the underside of the radiator and force it to flux through pump mercantile establishments and H2O jackets. The liquid chilling will flux through passageways in the engine block and cylinder caput. Temperature in the burning chamber can around 2500oC, so chilling around this country is critical to forestall overheat. The countries around exhaust valve are particularly important and about all infinite inside the cylinder caput around the valve that is non needed for construction filled with coolant. But when the engine is still cold, thermostat still near and the liquid chilling is circulated back to the engine. By shuting the transition through radiator when engine is cold, the engine warms up more rapidly. Engine heat corsets in the engine alternatively of being carried to the radiator. This shortens warms up clip, wastes less fuel and reduces exhaust emanations [ 3 ] . After engine already heat up, the thermoregulator keeps the engine running at a higher temperature than it would without a thermoregulator. The higher operating temperature improves engines efficiency and reduces exhaust emanations [ 3 ] .2.1.1 EFFECT OF RADIATORA radiator normally known as heat money changer. The hot coolant that flows through it will reassign the heat by the air blown through the aluminum fives by fan. Nowadays modern autos use aluminium radiators. It normally made by brazing thin aluminum fives to flattened aluminum tubings. Flow of the coolant is from recess to the mercantile establishment through many tubings that mounted in parallel agreement. These fives will carry on the heat from the coolant inside the tubings and reassign it through the air that fluxing through the radiator. [ 1 ] A type of five is inserted into the tubing called turbulator. Its map is to increases the turbulency of the fluid fluxing through the tubings. If the flowing of the fluid through the tubing is smooth, merely the fluid that touching the tubings would be cool straight. The sum of heat transferred from the fluid to the tubes depends on the difference in the temperature between the tubing and the fluid touching it. Therefore, less heat will be transferred if the fluid that is in contact with the tubing cools down rapidly. To forestall that, turbulency is created inside the tubing and all of fluid mixes together. Keeping the temperature of the fluid touching the tubing up so that more heat can be extracted and all of the fluid inside the tubing is used efficaciously.2.1.2 EFFECT OF RADIATOR FANThe map of radiator fan is to pull the air towards the radiator and helps to chill the hot coolant that fluxing through the tubings. It normally has four or more blades that spin quickly to supply s ufficient air to that would chill the engine. The fan will be mounted between the radiator and the engine so that the air can easy fluxing through the radiator. There are besides extra fan in forepart of the radiator in some autos in order to pull more cool air to the engine particularly when vehicle is non traveling fast plenty, really small cool air reaches the radiator and the engine is non cooled decently.2.1.3 EFFECT OF PRESSURE CAPThe radiator cap or besides known as force per unit area cap really increases the boiling point of your coolant by about 25oC. The cap is a force per unit area release valve and normally is set to 15 pounds per square inchs. When the coolant is placed under force per unit area, its boiling point will increase. As the engine running, the chilling system will be heated up and increase the force per unit area. The lone topographic point where the force per unit area can get away is at the force per unit area cap. Therefore, the scene of the spring on th e cap determines the maximal force per unit area in the chilling system. If the force per unit area reaches 15 pounds per square inch, it will force the valve unfastened and leting the coolant to get away from the chilling system. The flowing of the coolant is from overflow tubing to into the underside of the overflow armored combat vehicle. This sort of agreement will maintain air out of the system. After the radiator is already cools back down, a vacuity is created in the chilling system that pulls unfastened another spring loaded valve while sucking the H2O back in from the underside of the overflow armored combat vehicle to replace the H2O that was expelled.2.1.4 EFFECT OF WATER PUMPWater pumps are impeller pumps. They attached to the forepart of the engine and driven by a belt from the crankshaft block. As the impeller rotates, the curving blades draw coolant from the underside of the radiator [ 3 ] . The H2O pump merely thrust to drive the round flow of the coolant within the engine chilling system, so the recess is the point of lowest force per uni t area in the system and the issue point is the highest force per unit area. The force per unit area drops aggressively at the inlet/outlet of the H2O pump during the operational of the H2O engines and this force per unit area bead will change in proportion to the rotational velocity. Water pumps in engines are prone to cavitation and air bubbles are likely to pervade in to antifreeze and will badly cut downing the public presentation, dependability and service life of the engines [ 6 ] . Cavitation means the pits or bubbles are organizing in the liquid that have been are pumping. These pits form at the low force per unit area or suction side of the pump. For the well design engine chilling system, cavitation is less likely to take occur as the temperature of the coolant diminutions. But when the cavitation temperature is reached, the force per unit area of the H2O pumps drops suddenly and all the chilling system loses its functionality.2.1.5 EFFECT OF THERMOSTATThe chief map of the thermoregulator is to let the engine to heat up rapidly and maintain it at its efficient temperature. It control this by modulating the sum of H2O that goes through the radiator. The coolant in the chilling system starts to originate by picking up heat at the H2O jackets. In the coolant circuit, the force per unit area gradient exist and doing the hot coolant flows out from the engine to the radiator or to coolant beltway transition [ 2 ] . Once the temperatures of the coolant rises to 80oC, the thermoregulator starts to open. Different thermostat unfastened at different temperatures and leting fluid to flux through the radiator. The secret of the thermoregulator lies in the little cylinder located on the engine side of the device. Actually this cylinder is filled with wax that starts to run at temperatures 80oC ( depends on the thermoregulator ) . Then, a rod that is connected to the valve imperativeness into this wax. As the wax thaws. It will spread out and forcing the rod out o f the cylinder and opening the valve.2.2 EFFECT OF COOLANTCoolant is the mixture of antifreeze and H2O in the chilling system. The normally used antifreeze is Ethylene Glycol. This coolant will go around through the chilling system. It will take the waste heat from the engine and delivers the heat through the radiator hosiery to the radiator. It is non recommended to utilize merely H2O as a liquid chilling because it would stop dead if the temperature bead below 0oC. This would halt the circulation and the engine would overheat. As the H2O would spread out 9 % as it freezes, it would check the cylinder block and caput, split the radiator [ 3 ] . By commanding the engine chilling system in a flexible manner as comparison to the conventional chilling system, it will better the fuel ingestion rate of flicker ignition ( SI ) engines [ 11 ] . It is known from the cold start research that the coolant and inlet charge temperature are cardinal parametric quantities to cut down pollutant emanations and warrant smooth engine operation. Cold start experiment were performed with coolant temperatures of 15oC and 80oC. In the steady province operation reached after the start, the Piston surface temperature was severally 110oC and 150oC. The HC emanations were 25 % lower and the NOx emanations 7 % higher with the higher coolant temperature. It seems to bespeak that there is an influence of the coolant temperature on the emanations through the cylinder wall temperatures [ 5 ] . In the hunt for greater fuel economic system and decreased emanation end product, the engine chilling system is being targeted for farther betterments to engine public presentation through its effects on engine frictional losingss. Fuel economic system betterments from the alterations to the engine chilling system are derived chiefly from reduced engine frictional losingss with increased oil temperature by raising the engine operating temperature indirectly through the measure addition in the coolant temperature. Hydrocarbon ( HC ) and C monoxide ( CO ) end product are besides shown to diminish with the addition in operating temperature [ 7 ] . There are besides suggestion that higher cylinder block temperatures will cut down the frictional losingss with the Piston and pealing battalion and will take to cut downing fuel ingestion [ 10 ] . But the increasing of operating temperature has a negative consequence on N oxide ( NOx ) end product as the formation of NOx in the burning chamber can be extremely sensitive to temperature alterations [ 7 ] . There are some old plants in the engine chilling country focal points on to the fuel economic system benefit to IC engines through the decrease engine frictional losingss by raising the coolant temperature. As the coolant temperature additions, the cylinder block wall temperaturs besides increases and will ensue in cut downing the HC emanations [ 11 ] . It concentrates chiefly on gasolene engines where oil temperature is comparatively lower and the tailpipe emanations are HC and CO. Fuel efficiency betterments about 10 % are achieved in portion burden conditions by raising coolant temperature [ 7 ] .Methodology3.1 IntroductionIn this chapter, we will discourse about the processs and full activities to transport out in this whole undertaking. The flow chart below will depict the stairss that should be followed during this undertaking. Basically there are 3 trial that will be conducted that is dynamometer trial, fuel trial and emanation trial.3.2 FLOW CHARTPart Choice Choose the type of liquid chilling and thermoregulator that will be used. Preparation and Setup Choose the type of liquid chilling and thermoregulator that will be used. Run the experiment The experiment will be conducted to the conventional and modified chilling system. Emission Trial Fuel Trial Dynamometer Test Datas AnalysisTYPES OF METHODS3.3.1 DYNAMOMETER TrialDynamometer is really a device usage to mensurating force, minute of force ( torsion ) and power produced by an engine or motor. We can see the illustration from the power produced by an engine, motor or other revolving premier mover can be calculated by at the same time mensurating torsion and rotational velocity ( RPM ) . Nowadays dyno trial become more easy to run with the progress of the modern computing machine and bring forth more accurate consequences. A dyno that paired with the computing machine will expose the power evaluation of a given machine as a figure below. Degree centigrades: UsersFaisal Mamat.FaisalMamat-PCDesktopdynamometer-test-2.1-800Ãâ€"800.jpg Figure 3.1: Example Graph of Dynamometer Test Actually dyno trial is used for assorted applications but the most common one is automobile proving. Automobile makers will mensurate the public presentation of a auto or truck in order to market its power. Sports auto will modified their vehicles with aftermarket parts in order to accomplish higher power end product and so run the dyno trial to measure their alterations. Dyno trials can be run in a twosome of different ways which is human body and engine dyno. When running a human body dyno trial, the vehicle to be tested is driven onto the dyno platform that simulates opposition through the usage of machine-controlled wheels. For an engine dyno trial, the engine to be tested is mounted to the dyno device. These different methods produce different measurings such as brake Equus caballus power and torsion from a human body dyno and flywheel Equus caballus power and torsion from an engine dyno. Power is frequently lost through the thrust train of a vehicle so the brake measuring will typically less than the flywheel measuring. The theoretical account that will be used for ergometer testing is Dynapack 3000. The constituents of Dynapack 3000 consists of computing machine, detectors hub adapters accountant and power soaking up units. This trial is a spot from other dyno trial because of the riddance of the tyre to roller interface on a conventional roller dyno. It eliminates this variable by utilizing a hub adapter that provides a direct yoke to our power soaking up units. There will be no tyre faux pas, no turn overing opposition and no opportunity of the vehicle coming off from the dyno at high velocities. For the theory of operation. First the hubs of the vehicle are straight attached to hydraulic pumps. A variable burden can be applied with all of the possible keeping power that hydraulic possess. Figure below show that the wheels are removed from the vehicle and the variable fit hub adapters are bolted to the vehicle axle. The hub adapter is so straight attached to a hydraulic soaking up unit. Degree centigrades: UsersFaisal Mamat.FaisalMamat-PCDesktopdyno and gas analyser2t1nkVS-bVa9gQb37zp6LeNyhqyOJc4TfM-fDuqeDVw.jpgC: UsersFaisal Mamat.FaisalMamat-PCDesktopdyno and gas analyservIQiOZd6MQEKChUSE_EjDet0c_3AZX3Ykc63jQJyo1g.jpg Figure 3.2: Hub adapter bolted to vehicle Figure 3.3: Proctor of Dynapack 30003.3.2 FUEL TrialFor the fuel trial, a new fuel armored combat vehicle is used to replace with the bing armored combat vehicle. The job with the bing armored combat vehicle is the fuel ingestion can non be measured right. The new fuel armored combat vehicle will be connected utilizing the hosiery from the fuel pump to the series of injectors at cylinder caput. Gasoline or RON 95 will used in this fuel trial. The illustration for the new fuel armored combat vehicle is shown in figure below and the fuel pump is already attached on top of it. Degree centigrades: UsersFaisal Mamat.FaisalMamat-PCDesktopdyno and gas analyser8EYHfSB7JGJ_i1gO_0dpJCrDuHDVK9bGh1xnPJzzuSQ.jpg Figure 3.4: The new fuel armored combat vehicle The trial will be conducted harmonizing to the cogwheels and revolution per proceedingss ( RPM ) that already been set. It is done to command the velocity of the engine to acquire the accurate consequence of the fuel ingestion without affected by the changing of cogwheel on each trial. The RPM and cogwheels can be referred in the tabular array below. Gear Revolutions per minute Distance ( kilometer ) 1 3000 2 3000 3 3000 4 4000 Table 3.1: Revolutions per minute for each of the cogwheel3.3.3 EMISSION TrialHydrocarbon ( HC ) , C monoxide ( CO ) and nitrogen oxide ( NOx ) are measured in parts per million ( ppm ) . For this emanation trial, the device that will be used is the gas analyser 95/3. The gun of this device will be placed into the tailpipe to mensurate the fumes rate. The information will be taken during the assorted RPM that already been set up which is 2000 revolutions per minute, 3000 revolutions per minute and 4000 revolutions per minute. The consequence of this trial will be recorded in this device. Degree centigrades: UsersFaisal Mamat.FaisalMamat-PCDesktopdyno and gas analyservKBx3J-b1dLfHTA3MeaWYgo8LcKrPxDuaprQ5PBq-VY.jpg Figure 3.5: Gas Analyzer 95/3Undertaking SCHEDULE3.4.1 GANTT CHARTTable 3.1: Gantt Chart for Final Year Undertaking Research Planning Research Advancement

Free Essays on Similarties Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh And Noah And The Flood

of these stories, which come from opposite origins share evidence that there is truth behind them. â€Å"The uproar of mankind is intolerable†¦Ã¢â‚¬  exclaimed Gods of the Greek, â€Å"†¦how great was the wickedness on earth, and how every plan devised by his mind was nothing but evil all the time,† agreed God, of the Hebrews. Furious with the mannerism and contempt of the people, the Greek and Hebrew Gods felt a strong need to annihilate life on earth to bring back peace which had gradually became a place of vulgarity and brewed evil implications on earth. The Greek and Hebrew higher powers were angered and in an attempt to save what was good on earth, Ea, God of Wisdom (Greek), and the Hebrew God communicated to the mortals, Gilgamesh and Noah, a plan to restore their righteous ways and escape what was to be a great flood. This plan whether whispered in a Greek dream, or spoken directly to in Hebrew, provided instructions. These instructions given to Gilgamesh and Noah are identical. They were warned of the end of mankind and told, â€Å"†¦make yourself an arc†¦and you shall enter the arc, with your sons, you wife, and your... Free Essays on Similarties Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh And Noah And The Flood Free Essays on Similarties Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh And Noah And The Flood Isn’t it ironic how from two completely different origins The Story of the Flood, from the Epic of Gilgamesh, and Noah and the Flood, from Genesis (Hebrew Bible), are stories that come together resulting in the same over-all characteristics? Through obvious analyzation and comparison, it’s clear that these remarkable stories do not contrast. Rather, they are similar. These stories speak of ultimate forces destroying evil, people, to eliminate the negative world and preserving the few righteous people left on earth. Both these stories flood the earth exterminating devious beings, building massive boats to save good men, women, children, and animals, and consist of large arcs that landed on the summit of a mountain from which men and animals repopulated earth starting again new, with only good inhabitants. The words of these stories, which come from opposite origins share evidence that there is truth behind them. â€Å"The uproar of mankind is intolerable†¦Ã¢â‚¬  exclaimed Gods of the Greek, â€Å"†¦how great was the wickedness on earth, and how every plan devised by his mind was nothing but evil all the time,† agreed God, of the Hebrews. Furious with the mannerism and contempt of the people, the Greek and Hebrew Gods felt a strong need to annihilate life on earth to bring back peace which had gradually became a place of vulgarity and brewed evil implications on earth. The Greek and Hebrew higher powers were angered and in an attempt to save what was good on earth, Ea, God of Wisdom (Greek), and the Hebrew God communicated to the mortals, Gilgamesh and Noah, a plan to restore their righteous ways and escape what was to be a great flood. This plan whether whispered in a Greek dream, or spoken directly to in Hebrew, provided instructions. These instructions given to Gilgamesh and Noah are identical. They were warned of the end of mankind and told, â€Å"†¦make yourself an arc†¦and you shall enter the arc, with your sons, you wife, and your...