Opera houset promotion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Opera houset promotion - Assignment ExampleThe paper will also beg off the mingled advantages and disadvantages of designing a calculator network by utilizing bus topology (BENNETT & OWEN, 2010).One of the oldest examples of electronic computer networking was compute network system which functioned as part of the United States militarys semi free ground environment radar systems. However, in 1969, various institutions such as the Stanford Research institute and the university of atomic number 20 initiated computer connections inform of agency project network that later evolved to form the internet. Various types of computer networks catch emerged since then including local sphere of influence connection, home area connections, wide area connection and personal area connection. Various computer networks have been designed to enable file sharing, enable multiplier users to share a single hardware device as well as to facilitate video conferencing and instant electronic messagi ng (Wilbur, 2010).The laboratory bunk complex will be do up of a connection of various end systems and devices such as servers and computers that will be attached with each other to facilitate communicating within the organization. Networks carry data within large enterprises, small businesses and homes. Our computer network will apprehend only a small area. The main office will have several computers and several connected networks with the aim of serving a huge number of people. The network will cover the laboratory office complex with a remote fictional site. The network system will have personal computers, interconnections, switches and routers. own(prenominal) computers will serve as the network endpoints with a purpose of receiving and sending data. The interconnections will be made up components that will offer means for data to be moved from one point in the network to another point within the network. Various categories will be placed under computer interconnection

The role of the entrepreneurial personality in developing a fashion Dissertation

The role of the entrepreneurial personality in developing a fashion brand - talk Example3.6 Problem solving 4.3.7 Self-efficacy 4.3.8 Locus and control 4.3.9 High need for achievement 4.4 Burberrys monetary feat 4.5 Summary 5.0 Conclusions 5.1 Chapter introduction 5.2 Research objectives 5.3 Implications of research 5.4 Implications for practice 5.5 Revisiting the limitations 5.6 Directions for future research 5.7 Chapter summary cabbage This paper represents a case study that focuses on a specific fashion brand in defining the characteristics that form an important part of the entrepreneurial personality. ... It focuses on the research questions by providing information on the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality the type of personality to be utilised in developing a thriving fashion brand the type of personality that entrepreneurs associate with successful fashion brands possess and whether financial performance corresponds with entrepreneurial personality. This successful fashion brand has received a number of accolades over the years and is prudent for a number of innovations in the fashion industry. The attributes that have been used by various researchers and that have prove to be common among them have been used as a basis for expounding the distinctive characteristics of the company. These characteristics argon some of the things that have contributed to the brands distinctive capabilities. List of tables 1.0 Introduction According to Chell (2008) the term entrepreneur has been in the belles-lettres from as early as the 19th century with different economists including Say (1821) Amasa Walker (1799 1875) Marsh whole (1920) Ludwig von Mises (1881 1972) Schumpeter (1933) T.W. Schultz (1902 1998) adherence (1979) Kerzner (1982) and Mark C. Casson (1982) all of whom have given their perspectives on the characteristics of entrepreneurs. There have been differences but Chell (2008) indicates that they have all recognised and inferred several psychological and behavioural characteristics of entrepreneurs that set them apart from other people who own businesses. These characteristics accept foresight, a keen awareness of possibilities, a creative imagination, confidence in their decision, and an agent of

Consideration Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

context - Case Study ExampleThe discussion of this case study aims to provide the course of action for Nigella in regard to the legal position of this case.This case study presents the contractual matter between the Nigella and Ramsay. There was a valid agreement between the two parties, and consideration for Nigella to Ramsay was the teaching services she promised to offer to him. On the other(a) hand, Ramsays promise to concede for the services constituted consideration of Ramsay to Nigella. When parties are in agreement they solely have to discharge the obligations they owe each other until the repeal of the agreement. This implies that Ramsay was entitled to receive services from Nigella until the end of the agreement. However, this appears to carry periodic payments and the imposition of young prices by Nigella to Ramsay resulted to new conditions and that was tantamount to forming a fresh agreement. This implies that Ramsay was rise by the agreement since he agreed to pa y even though he would refuse to pay if the examination was near. It is immaterial for Ramsay to decline to pay the additional charges for the services already offered.In Central capital of the United Kingdom Property Trust v High Trees House 1947 KB 130 High Court, the High Trees had rented blank space from Central London Property (CLP) at a cost of 2,500 in 1937. However, during the world war the landlord was unable to let out all the houses and decided to reduce their value in order to attract new occupants. This compelled the defendant to lower the price of the houses by half in 1940 because there was no sign that the stake prevailing at that time was going to improve in the foreseeable future. By the start of 1941, the claimant started gainful the reduced lease charges. However, when the war came to a halt the demand for houses increased hence the landlord reverted to the original rental charges.The case was presented to court, and

Politics surrounding Main character V in movie V for Vendetta Essay

Politics surrounding Main character V in movie V for Vendetta - Essay ExampleHe nurtures tactics of surveillance and detection. He chamberpot turn delusory to catch to attack the opponent. The sad experiences that V encounters prep bed him, for the fight against the oppressors. He puts on a feign that acts a means of defense against his opponents. There are solemn political issues in the movie that safari the V to undertake his missions. Character V is unsatisfied by the nature of control by the British government in the movie. His reactions, therefore, confirm their basis on political concerns. The way through which the government leads the volume is stressful and initiates opposition from the citizens. Character V is a representative of all the citizens forced to endure the atrocities of the heavy government. Through his tactics, V fights against the forces promoting the oppression of citizens. The violent strategies applied by V in the movie are not to promote destruction i n the country, but the desire to bring change. Political environments are thoughtless of the rights of the wad. The government does not grant the citizens civil liberty, for instance. Several curfews created by the government restrict the free action of the citizens and deny them the freedom to interact and socialize. Such environment prompts the decision by V to oppose the politics by killing officials who are inconsiderate citizens rights. There is a notable lack of interest by the public, which allows the government to violate the civil rights of the citizens. V calls on the society members to rise against to condemn the political actions in the society. The oppressors do not recognize the privacy of the citizens and undertake surveillance over their conducts without their awareness. According to V, the government does not administer freedom and liberty according to its officials claims. The nation is poor, and the citizens are suffering. All the plight of the citizens, accor ding to V, response from failure by the government to protect its citizens. The control of the government is brutal, a condition that V would never tolerate as a condition in the country. In his opinion, there is a need for citizens to have a collective resistance against the government and oppose the oppression. The attacks by V and destructions are to sensitize the people to gain courage and advocate for their rights. V intends to have the citizens to launch full support for his actions that oppose the autocratic regime of the government. In Vs view, the spread overd idleness that the citizens have in addressing the various brutal conducts of the government is a reason for their prevalence. That should the citizens continue with the reluctance to address the issue, the government is most likely to continue oppressing the citizens. There are scenes of torture that depict the extent of disregard for human rights by the government. Some of the tortures conducted go forth from po litical motives. The viewers get an insight of how unwillingness to advocate for change in the society can affect the governments operations and create an oppressive regime. The government can disregard some(prenominal) right of the citizens when not under serious opposition from the citizens. Citizens, therefore, would continue to suffer. Citizens must have a unitary cooperation that can express their feelings about the governments ways of conducting normal business. It condemns apathy of the citizens

The American colonization, on the eve of Revolution Essay

The American colonization, on the eve of Revolution - Essay ExampleA few years afterwards, the parliament passed the afternoon tea Act to save the East Indian Company from bankruptcy. It removed all the duties on tea exported by the British thus giving them undue advantage over other exported tea to America. On the day, the branch shipments of the tea arrived in Boston, three members of the Sons of Liberty dressed as Indians boarded the ships and threw all the tea into the sea later known as the Boston Tea Party.For the first time, leaders of the twelve colonies, excluding Georgia met in Philadelphia and convened the low Continental Congress to create a single unified stand and response to the laws and policies passed by the British Parliament. Through the congress, they filed a petition called the Declaration of Rights and Grievances to the British king.At the height of the revolution, all of the thirteen colonies convened again as Second Continental Congress. An Anglo-American philosopher in the name of Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet entitled parking lot Sense and asked whether a continent should be ruled by an island. Only a few stalwart Americans so were ready and willing to defend Great Britain. This was due to the continuing clashes between the Patriots and British troops. The Patriots then were the primary army who are fighting against the British. These clashes further advanced the growth of American patriotism. The Second Continental Congress took the ultimate steps. They organized an army to continue the fight called the Continental Army with George Washington as the commander-in-chief.The Patriots then were the staunch supporters of the continuing revolution while the Loyalists would still want to be part of the British Empire. Most of the Loyalists then were wealthy and politically powerful people in the American society. These include the merchants, lawyers and landowners. And the Patriots were

Proposition paper on an ethical in Communication, possibly misogyny in Essay

Proposition paper on an ethical in Communication, possibly misogyny in rap lyrics but topic is flexible - Essay ensampleThis can discourage individuals to communicate unethically. A result will be a more unchanging conference in the organization that will give fewer problems.Media of social communication is generally express to develop good or evil communication in people. We might blame media for unethical communication in the society but one should understand that media is not a blind force of nature which is out of human control. But people have to choose if they want to adopt bright face of it or darker. Professional communicators should promote development and enforcement of ethical codes of communication for their profession, public representatives should provide them full financial support in doing that. Religious bodies and other cultural groups should also be a part of this effort.Communication moral philosophy are known to be cultural specific. What is considered et hical communication in one culture whitethorn be considered unethical in another (Chiu, 2003). Because of globalization, individuals from different parts of the world may come together to work in an organization. Values, communication and culture help determine individual behavior. Thus, there are truly different interpretations of what sort of communication is ethical or unethical in a given situation. separately individual have their own communication skills and the perception of what is right and wrong way of communication may be differentOur approach towards means of communication has to be fundamentally positive and encouraging. We should not beneficial simply stand in judgment and start condemning rather, we should support those professionals who are involved in communication and set out positive principles in their work. Schools and colleges can provide ethical communication facts of life and that will help students to understand how to identify and deal with communicat ion issues (Kreitner and Kinichi, 2001). Teachers can be sent to seminars, workshops and telecasting training sessions to learn about ethical communication issues so

Does one on one tutoring have a positive effect on my students' Dissertation

Does one on one tutoring fix a positive effect on my students billet about reading - Dissertation ExampleFurthermore, studies showed a strong relationship surrounded by structured and quality tutoring and reading attitudes. Sources indicated, however, that contextual factors must as well as be considered when understanding attitudes on reading, such as training of tutors and structure of tutor strategies, frequency and regularity of tutoring sessions, faithful observe and evaluation practices, and specially designed curriculum for readers with reading problems or disabilities (McKenna et al., 1995 McKool, 2007 National Institute on Out-of-School fourth dimension at Wellesley Centers for Women, 2009 U.S. Department of Education, 1997). Does one-on-one tutoring have a positive effect on students attitude about reading? I am directly involved in tutoring students to mitigate their attitude about reading. I am currently tutoring a 4th grader with ADHD, who reads at about a outse t tertiary grade level with poor comprehension skills. This boy has 3 siblings (1 older brother and 2 younger sisters) and a loud, rather disorganized home. The research will also include a 3rd grader who a co-worker is tutoring. This student has a stutter and reads at about a mid foremost grade level with difficulties in vowel sounds. This boy is an exclusively child and I do non have knowledge of his home life or condition. Both boys have parents that are supportive, but only the 3rd graders mom is very involved with helping her child. ... This paper reviews the literature on tutoring and reading. go off of Literature The review of literature reveals that are numerous factors that shape reading attitudes, but the most frequent are childrens personal experiences in reading, childrens self-confidence in reading, parents attitudes towards reading, and teachers teaching strategies. Furthermore, studies showed a strong link between structured and quality tutoring and reading atti tudes. Factors that can Shape Reading Attitudes There are a change of factors that affect childrens attitudes toward reading childrens personal experiences in reading, childrens self-confidence in reading, parents attitudes towards reading, and teachers teaching strategies. Sources indicated, however, that contextual factors must also be considered, such as training of tutors and structure of tutor strategies, frequent and regular tutoring sessions, close monitoring and evaluation, and specially designed curriculum for readers with reading problems or disabilities (McKenna et al., 1995 McKool, 2007 National Institute on Out-of-School Time at Wellesley Centers for Women, 2009 U.S. Department of Education, 1997). Childrens personal experiences in reading. Childrens personal experiences in reading can improve childrens attitudes toward reading (Wang, 2000, p.1). It is important that the environment of the children provides easy access to interesting books, because this leads to them e xperiencing the world of reading as an socialize experience (National Institute on Out-of-School Time at Wellesley Centers for Women, 2009 Wang, 2000, p.1). Access to quality books, however, is not astray provided by low-income families.

Child vaccines should be optional (this is a PERSUASIVE PAPER) Essay

Child vaccines should be nonobligatory (this is a PERSUASIVE PAPER) - Essay ExampleBy doing this, it stimulates the immune system in order to defend the sickness if the child catches it. This is known as vaccination. McTaggart contradicts that vaccines are helpful by to children by pointing out that vaccination problems far outweigh those of going unvaccinated. Therefore, there are many questions concerning the safety and effectiveness of vaccines as strange to those of going unvaccinated (McTaggart 1992, 1-5).Vaccines can cause complications that are more harmful than those of going unvaccinated or even the disease itself. Professor of epidemiology at the university of Washington, Dr Russell Alexander, points out that the people that determine the risks of vaccination does non correspond it to those risks of being unvaccinated (Miller 1993, 9-9). This means that the research done by the panel, which said vaccination risks are too humiliated to count, contains many weaknesses . McTaggart links the appearance of learning disabilities, autism, and hyperactivity to the beginning of the mass vaccination programs. Thus, vaccination is askly think to many diseases and well-nigh are still unknown. McTaggart adds that the mumps vaccine has proved to be a direct cause of seizures, meningitis, deafness, and encephalitis. These diseases are extremely dangerous and cannot be cured. Dr J Anthony Morris, an immunization specialist formerly of Americas National Institutes of Health and Food and medicate Administration states that in several of the studies, the rubeola vaccine strain has been recovered from the spines of the victims. This shows conclusively that the vaccine caused the encephalitis (McTaggart 1992, 5-5). As a medical authority, Doctor Morris relates the measles vaccine to deadly diseases such as encephalitis. On the other hand, the risks of contracting the disease for unvaccinated children are similar, but less, to the risks of developing harmful c omplications due to the vaccine. Therefore, vaccination is more inquisitive to your child than going unvaccinated. In addition to the safety problems, vaccines have also proven to be uneffective among many children. McTaggart reasons the current debate about vaccination and states that the measles portion of the triple shot is not working. This means that children who receive the MMR shot, also known as the measles, mumps, and rubella, are not completely immune against these diseases. McTaggart adds that the cases of measles have increased during the last decade. Similar to measles, McTaggart states that rubellas portion of the vaccine showed failure to prevent this fatal disease (McTaggart 1992, 13-13). Therefore, the fact that vaccination is not effective is common in many diseases. According to the Centers for Disease restraint Morbidity and Mortality in 1985, about 80 percent of measles cases occurring in children in America were in vaccinated ones who were vaccinated at the appropriate age (McTaggart 1992 3-3). Therefore it has been proven that vaccinations are ineffective against some diseases.Vaccine supporters defend vaccines by claiming that vaccines caused a reduction in the number of disease

Ethnographic Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnographic Report - canvas Examplen a foreign country share a honey oil quarrel the language serves multiple purposes and sustains a margin between the members of this community of interests and the local population of that foreign country.Our community consists of 10 people who are experts in their own field. Some concerns like maintenance activities, enhancing the life of mogul payoff units and maintenance of a safe operation of the industry are common between chinaware and the incline community. The members of the community share the values of honesty, hard work, dedication, spirit, passion, and courage.The English community serving out Chinese power industry may be considered to be a discourse community due to the fact that it shares common objectives, goals, and perspectives. We have a shared commitment with the industry in solving their issues and problems. The most important break of the discourse community is the strong communication between members to keep each ot her updated regarding the activities of the community and helping each other out in matters of work. We have established several modes of communications such as emails, phone calls, SMS, and live meetings that take place once a week to review the effectiveness of our works in helping out Chinese.The main factor that unites the members of the English community together, while residing in China is their common language, English. With same native language, it is quite easy to share views and understand each other. The composition of the community has become very facilitating in nature, due to common language. The group members consider each other their remnant friends and make sure never to function against the benefits of the English community as a whole. The main strain is on solving the issues of the Chinese in running power industry.There is a close similitude between language and consensus. When member of the community share a common language, they feel pride in speaking this l anguage in front of outsiders. In this way, harmony and

Breakdown of Venezuelan Democracy Research Paper

partition of Venezuelan Democracy - Research Paper ExampleThis began in the 1960s when Venezuela got democratic presidents who steered the country on a path of democratic reforms (Levine, Transition 49). During this period, Venezuela emerged as a model democracy in the Latin America region, which was plagued with undemocratic governments and weak social policies. The democratic presidents that served Venezuela between the 1960s and the 1990s placed Venezuela on a path for growth of democracy as well as the economy (Golinger 23). During this period, the people of Venezuela enjoyed advance incomes because of the effective policies and governance that was in place. However, the period of Venezuelan democracy was short-lived. The crumbling of the democracy in Venezuela started showing in the 1970s and 1980s when corruption became rife. This corruption was brinyly fuelled by the growing revenues from the countrys main resources, oil. This growing corruption adversely affected the gains made in the previous years and led to the come down of President Carlos Andrs Prezs credibility, which led to his impeachment and imprisonment (Golinger 24-25). A new president, Rafael Caldera took over business leader but did not make any major positive changes to the country. This ultimately led to his defeat in the 1998 elections by Hugo Chvez., who was president until his death in 2013.

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 32

discourse - Essay ExampleIn addition, crowding is usually associated with poverty since poor households are usually at higher risks of catching upgrade (Jennings, 1996).Fire incidences in crowded areas have always had severe impacts as compared to areas that are less crowded. Usually, low income earning families usually live in masses that include the extended family and friends owe to the lack of affordable housing. This increases the number of victims in cases of fire (Jennings, 1996). In addition, Jennings (1996) argues that when many people are in a household, it makes it difficult to rescue everyone especially for old people and children who cannot run from the fire. Crowded homes are a suggestion that the members are poor, thus their houses possibly lack smoke detectors. In case a fire occurs the occupants will have limited time to escape and thus makes them unable to reach neighboring households and fresh or rescue them. It is imperative that safety measures be taken to add ress the fire issue in crowded areas so as to save lives in case of fire

Power over Peoples Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Power over Peoples - Essay ExampleWestern Imperialism or the expansion of europium manifested itself in two phases the Old Empires of the 16th century, and the New Imperialism of the mid 19th centuries. Technology counts as whiz of the major contributing factors to the success of the western imperialism mostly in the New Imperialism as it advantaged the Europeans and their associates, making them succeeded in controlling many states of the globe. They could travel over long seas in steamships and boats, travel and transport widely by use of railways, conquer more states because they had better armor, and lastly their development in medicine saw them bind such in the different cultures they embarked on. Technology here refers to the extensive ability that humans can ask from the use of environmental energy and materials in doing what the body cannot do on its own. When technology changes for the better, or advances, it is referred to as superior technology, superior in that it giv es one powers more than nature, such as using a work to travel farther, and abstainer. Technology favored the Western Imperialism as they had two main sources of innovation that is culture and the emulous nature of the West. Culture enabled them to rule over nature through scientific experiments and research. The competitiveness of the western states do each state to strive for gain of advantage over the other in a cutter to control more of the outside world than other states. Historians have long tried to define whatever occurrence in the Western Imperialism without much success. The myth in it is that the New Imperialism spread so fast in less time, and was more successful than the Old Imperialism. Did the use of fast growing technology expedite the success of the New Imperialism in a shorter time than did the Old Empires? In addition, did the impact of imperialism force the touch on to react by innovating means of survival? From Chapter 1 Discovery and conquering of the S eas Headrick (2010) explains the mastering of the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans, reveal that the move was not for exploration. Rather, it was due to the quest of religious, commercial, and military dominance over other cultures. He uses Portugal to cypher the onset of nautical innovations that saw it rise to form an empire of the Indian Ocean. At first, it was so incredible for Portugal to raise to such heights, owing to its approximate population of a million people, most of who were fishermen and farmers, and its lack of resources that make it a poor state. In addition, it appeared unstable because of its ever-in-war status with North African Muslims and the Castile (Headrick, 2010). However, they defied these odds and went on to determine their empire status, a first in Europe, powered by some factors such as the jolly along of Christians to fight Muslims even after leaving Portugal that made them find means of pursuing them. Then at that place was the craving for go ld and spices, both of which led to them inventing navigation and ships. To add to their success was Henry the Navigator, son of big businessman John I, an explorer and soldier who trained people in map-making and navigation. He is responsible for the success of the Lusitanian in sailing to the African West Coast to defeat the Muslims, spread Christianity, and establish new slew routes (Headrick, 2010). The English and Dutch later joined in exploring the Asian coasts and offered stiff

FDI Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FDI Strategy - Essay ExampleThese trends come with different advantages as well as their reasonably share of ch every(prenominal)enges as pressure to belong grows on these slews and firms regularly. To assist in these changing trends, foreign get off investment guarantees that the corporation is well-situated through mergers, joint ventures, or acquisition of shares. This guarantees their position in the exploitation market, and a place in their hosts market (Peng, 2012). MNE selected (who they are and what they do)Multinational enterprises are taking over the reality by storm as they strive and struggle to capture the international market through many of the products and services they offer. One major MNE that is popular in this day and age is probably the McDonalds desist food chain. This MNE has been around for a particularly long time and is keen on spreading its travel into different arenas of the world, so as to capitalize on the changing trends. Changes in the technol ogical and cultural theatre are making it easier for MNEs to break into emerging markets and take advantage of the growing number of consumers (Peng, 2012). McDonalds stomach probably has the largest chain of fast food restaurants around the world. It is situated in al nearly 119 countries, and has its headquarters in the United States. The corporation sells almost anything that is considered fast food, ranging from soft drinks to desserts for its ever-growing customer base. Sadly, one region that whitethorn non boast of having a branch of this corporation is North Korea. Challenges and advantages of FDI for the MNEOne of the main advantages of FDI for the MNE is that the host country may be assisted in their quest for improving their home and projects that boost their economy (Dunning & Lundan, 2008). McDonalds, in virtually of the areas that it is situated, can offer them the aid they need in order to be self-sufficient and increase their infrastructure developments. North Ko rea, as a region that does not boast of having a McDonalds branch or franchise, may need the services and job opportunities that arise from the corporations presence in the region. Moreover, great competition may arise from all the subsidiaries of the corporation, which may lead to an increase in productivity and gains from all groups participating in the business. Some of the challenges of foreign direct investment for the fast food corporation strike the exploitation of labor in the region. In order to make a mark in the region in which they are situated, corporations are pushed into focusing on their profits, rather than the positive impact of their presence. Also, the hosts countrys investment policies may be a tremendous challenge to the main corporation (Dunning & Lundan, 2008). If the host region has stringent investment policy measures, it may be next to impossible for the breed corporation to invest in the host country, or even find the right strategies to satisfy their overall organizational performance. Best way for the MNE to minimize foreign exchange risks For MNEs, it is crucial to identify the risks that are constitute to its operations. The corporation needs to monitor its financial, portfolio, and structural risks and engage in risk management strategies that may protect the corporations investments in the host country. When it comes down to foreign exchange and MNEs, structural risks are the most crucial risks to monitor. This is because mismatches between cash inflows and outflows can cause

Movie and a media article comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Movie and a media article comparison - Essay ExampleShe is not educated and does not speak any nomenclature except Bengali l and lived a poor heart. As the movie proceeds the Nazneen have lived 16 yrs with her husband in capital of the United Kingdom city and is also shown to have two daughters. She is now a fair sex who speaks English, and is a housewife in London city. However, her mind and soul is still in her village, remembering her attractive sister with whom she had spent her childhood in joy. Life has changed for Nazeen but her emotions are numb because she is married to a person, she does not love. As a new woman, her passions are still unquenched and are living a life of frustration. Her love life with her husband is bland and she has no emotional connection with him. While comparing to her recent age, she is much silent, unhappy and nostalgic. She lives in her childhood, even after leaving the village at a young age. The only best time in her life is one which she ha s spent in the village and she is attribute on to it to give her happiness and joy. As days pass by she gets acquainted with the clothing proletarian Karim. She buys a sewing machine and starts stitching clothes and tries to become engaged in virtually nut-bearing work. In due course, she romantically gets involved with Karim and this gives her a new life. Every day she waits for him and they spent some lovable movements at her home and ultimately physically get involved. After getting intimate with Karim, a new energy sparks in Nazneen and she perceives life in a different way. She discovers herself after coming in contact with the handsome and young Karim. Nazneen become more lively, energetic and even her family notices the positive change in her. As they love prosper, her husband comes to know just about her liaison with Karim and sarcastically threaten her. At the alike time , event of 9/11 strikes America and the Muslim community experiences a threatened environment in London. Upon this news, Nazneens husband decides to leave London and go spikelet to Bangladesh. But towards the end of the movie, Nazneen transforms to a strong- willed, bold woman who has ideas and principles of her own. She confesses to her husband she wants to liven in London and stays back there with her children as an independent woman. The article Geographies of Inclusion/Exclusion British Muslim Women in the East End of London by Halima Begum throws light upon the life of Bangladeshi women and their gender identity in context to Islam community in East London. The article talks about the life of Bangladeshi women in London who come from country-bred areas of Bangladesh. These women get caught in the atmosphere of cosmopolitan cities and suffer identity crisis. In the article author writes that The bid of inclusion for young, working-class Muslim Bangladeshi women remains an unfulfilled project in contemporary Britain. This could be related to the scene in which Nazneen loo ks at the sewing machine and feel helpless in get it. It shows the kind of atmosphere in which Bangladeshi women live where they have no right to get assiduous and contribute to the society. According to Begum For many young British Bangladeshis, Islam in the United Kingdom is more about bringing the modern back from Bangladesh into East Londons communities. This could be associated with the scene where Karim persuades Nazneen to stay back in London as an attempt to make her modern and independent.Karim being a person born(p) and brought up in London is also religious man. He

Skoda Business Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Skoda Business strategy - Case Study ExampleThe market picked up and so did shekels. For the first time in Skoda history, the troupe had a wait list of customers in UK. The familiarity registered continuing and ongoing growth in profits for the fifth year in a row.The Auto industry in the world has been going by an excessive change in performance and growth. In the last decade, the rise of China and Asia as manufacturing hubs changed the prevail of the auto industry in the world. The market in China and India, seem to be picking up and the Chinese market which has only 2% of its population holding four wheelers is already the size of the Nipp adeptse market. This makes it an highly probable growth market in the future (Jianxi Luo 2005). With many of the European and American gondola manufacturers finding their market dwindling and having surplus capacities have been reducing their manpower. They need to look at orthogonal and growing markets equal that of China and Asia. Wit h only a few players controlling the car market of the world, players like Skoda who has been gaining ground in Europe and in Asia need to be watched. The rising market for Skoda and the increasing profitableness of the company makes it a company worthy of analysis (Tulder RV & Ruigrok W Jun1997). Beating some of the shed players in the European market is no easy task. But Skoda could do that successfully and looks forward to a major break in the profitability of the company in the current year. All this makes the company, the one that needfully analysis of their policies and their strategies. This paper aims at analysing the company and its marketing strategy that has led it to the success that it is now facing.4. Strategies of the societySkoda was formed in the year 1894 in Czechoslovakia with the aim of making bicycles. Subsequently, they moved into manufacturing motor cycles and later cars, trucks and buses. During the betimes twentieth century, the company started producin g agricultural and other farm equipments for the east European market. By now the cars of the company found their way to the markets in the tungstenern Europe and there was quite some market for them in UK. But the UK market always had a joke about Skoda particularly the appearance of Skoda. Skoda did make inroads into the West European market and in America because of its ruggedness and reliability. Though technologically poor, the engine under its toughie was powerful enough to keep running even in the worst conditions. That made the machine one of the most reliable ones in the market at that time. This saw the population of Skoda increasing in UK. later on World War II, Skoda tied up with Volkswagen for technical collaboration. VW invested in the company and ensured that the basic design of the Skoda remained in the early days but soon replaced by the Volkswagen Design since the technology adopted by VW as superior. This brought another marketing strategy that had to break thro ugh the already crowded market in occidental Europe and in USA as much as in the rest of the world (William Kimberley Jun 2001). The intelligence of Skoda as an ugly duckling was slowly changing but still persisted. Oh Its a Skoda. But then it was as usual thought to be efficient and reliable. Skoda now had to make use of some bold advertisement and marketing strategy

Interpersonalinterprofessional skills - social work Essay

Interpersonalinter skipper skills - social work - Essay ExampleToday there atomic pattern 18 several families where the elderly masses need care, children especially the disabled need support and increasing number of people are patients of AIDS and other STDs. affectionate workers are evaluate to reach out to these people in need as well as to those social problems such as abuse, family issues, rape, etc. The return is that social workers experience increasing pressure on a day to day basis.If we look into the professional roles of social workers it can be said that presently it is focused on managing access to available service rather than on helping people find solutions to their problems. As a result of this the trend is at a time that people have wrench passive recipients of services and are not much involved in participating in social care.A typical social worker needs to be dedicated, intelligent, and award leadership qualities, work with the team, and also requires a capacity for critical thinking. Professional social workers are affiliated to a value base and the British Association of Social Workers defines five basic values - Social work practice should both promote respect for human dignity and pursue social justice, through service to humanity, integrity and competence (ADSW, 2004).In fact these are the basic values that empower the behaviour of social workers while in the field. A professional approach is a must in works with individuals, families, social groups or communities, especially an unbiased approach. Today, many consider social work is a pregnant career, diverse, dynamic, challenging, and have a deep sense of satisfaction. This is the basic reason that social work has now become a subject that need to be specialised in before it is taken up as a profession. There are several qualities in particular the leadership qualities that need to be developed. It is expected that from the professional training, social workers get a wide range of knowledge on peoples needs and allow them to

Israel and Palestine Issues Essay Example for Free

Israel and nirvana Issues EssayThe issues between Palestine and Israel originate in the late 19th and primaeval 20th centuries. The list could drag on and on round what exactly they are fighting ab knocked out(p) but most of their issues are somehow related to land and property. To this day they cant abide by to an agreement on who owns capital of Israel. That has been a touchy subject for ages. Israel is also worried about their settlements they consecrate created since the vi Day War and what will happen to them if and when a peace treaty is defined. One cause of Palestines fury has to do with the refugees which occurred from the Israeli War of Independence in 1948.In brief, these two countries contradict is long ago rooted and still there hasnt been a resolution for the troubles they are having. prime(prenominal) off Israel and Palestine have been un qualified to decide who gets to claim Jerusalem as their own. Both countries deed Jerusalem as their Holy place of wo rship. Israelis are for the most part Jewish and Palestinians are Muslim Jewish book of holies is the Tenach and Muslim book of holies is the Koran. In the Tenach Jerusalem is mentioned over 700 times whereas in the Koran it wasnt mentioned once. We can trace back Jerusalem as being the capital of Israel 2,000 years in the beginning Islam/Palestine was created.There is no record of Palestine perpetually so having control or right, if you will, over Jerusalem. Israelis and Palestinians are concerned about their religious sacred places under the governing of the other country. On occasion, Palestine has not allowed Jews to visit the wolframern Wall, and Jewish cemeteries have been abused or violated. Israel on the other hand, has seldom blocked sacred sights of another religion. Jerusalem has been a long disputed piece of land between these two groups of pile and it probably wont get any better. Next in order, during the Six Day War Jewish communities were captured by Israel from Jordan.Since therefore Israel has set up more than 130 settlements. The majority of Jews live in 8 of the largest settlements, which Israel would like to assuage and make theirs in a peace treaty agreement with the Palestinians. Most of the large ones border Israel and the West Bank, excluding a few which dwell deep inside Palestinian territory. Building and remodeling of the settlements has been an ongoing project since 1967. In 1997 they had formed 31 settlements with 4,400 people in 1992 they had a total of 120 settlements with a total of 100,000 people and in 2009 the opulation had grown to more than 306,000 people.This arguing about the settlements is one cause to the stalling of the peace do work between these two countries. The Palestinians are being inconvenienced because the settlements redirect the resources needed by their towns. They also stunt the change of location of Palestinians because the security challenges them if they pass through the local roadways. Third of all, Palestinian Refugees havent been allowed to return to their families and fatherland after the 1948 Israeli War of Independence.The estimated number of Israelis who either fled or were thrown out of their country tolled about 711,000 in 1949. In 2010 a survey was taken and they found out that there were more than 4. 7 million descendants of the original refugees. One third of them live in camps in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip, the rest live in towns and cities near the refugee camps. Palestine is urging the right of the refugees to return to the places they lived before the war but modernistic Israeli law only allows Jews to gain citizenship.Therefore Palestinians cannot apply because ostensibly they are Muslim. Israelis ponder the possibility of letting the refugees return in the form of a family reunion and allowing a vague number of further refugees to settle as well. This resolution involves the U. S. to help attend to the refugees with mo ney and services until they are able to provide for themselves and get back on their feet in the new setting. Israel and Palestine still havent resolved this issue because they are more concerned with larger issues.In summary, Palestine and Israel have many unresolved issues that may or may not ever be dealt with. Both countries have their own beliefs and practices which more than likely wont be able to coincide and cooperate long enough to make agreements and choices that benefit both sides and make everyone happy. Clearly if they befoolt start making compromises and giving up a little to get what they want no one that lives there will ever be happy because the problems will just be posing there getting bigger and bigger, eventually turning into another war.

Class in America Essay Example for Free

Class in America Essay fabrication 1 The United States is fundamentally a social class slight society. Class distinctions atomic number 18 largely irrelevant today, and whatever differences do exist in stinting standing, they are for the most part- insignificant Myth 2 We are, essentially, a centerfield-class nationMyth 3 We are all getting richer. The American public as a whole is steadily moving up the economic ladder, and each generation propels itself to greater economic well-being Myth 4 Everyone has an equal chance to succeed man 1 There are enormous differences in the economic standing of American citizens. A sizable proportion of the U.S. population occupies inverse ends of the economic spectrum. In the middle ranger of the economic spectrum Sixty percent of the American population holds less than 6 percent of the nations wealth. Between 1979 and 2000, the offer in household income amongst the top fifth and middle fifth of the population by 31 percent. During the economic boom of the 19990s, four out of five Americans aphorism their share of net worth decline, while the top fifth saw their share growing from 59 percent to 63 percent. Reality 2 The middle class in the United States hold a very small share of the nations wealth and that share is declining steadily.The gap between rich and poor and between rich and the middle class is larger than it has even been. Reality 3 Class affects more than modus vivendi and material well-being. It has significant impact on our physical and mental well-being as well. Researchers have prove an inverse relationship between social class and health. Lower-class standing is correlated to higher rank of infant mortality, eye and ear disease, arthritis, physical disability, diabetes, nutritional deficiency, respiratory disease, mental illness, and heart disease Reality 4 From cradle to grave, the class standing has a significant impact on our chances for survival.Reality 5 Class standing has a significant impact on chances for educational achievement. Class standing, and consequently carriage chances, are largely determined at birth One study scaned that fewer than one in five men surpass the economic status of their fathers. For those whose annual income is in six figures, economic achievement is due in large part tothe wealth and privileges bestowed on them at birth. (Mantsios, Class in America- 2003)This article, the myths and realities Mantsios addresses show that in fact people in the United States do not have the simple, easy, freedom of exactly becoming rich and it is not just a matter of working hard to get there. The class system and the power of oppression keep citizens in the classes they are born into. One who is born into a lower class in the U.S. is at a constant disadvantage from birth.The statistics Mantsios uses illustrate the economic gap between the rich and the middle class and the rich and the poor in the United States- showing an increase in the gap the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. The fact that laws and the class systems are performing as traps to keep the people in poverty, or at least keep them from becoming affluent, is a violent act. And as an even more literal act of violence, even though it isnt much of an act, the correlation between poverty and disease is outrageous. And so again, poverty is violence

Lies My Teacher Told Me Essay Example for Free

Lies My Teacher Told Me EssayMy teacher Told Me is a book that should be read by everyone at some point in their lives. According to James W. Loewen, students hate storey single outes and when they have to take history, the students hark back its boring. They repress everythingthey were taught. James W. Loewen spent a lot of time studying 12 history textbooks he observed high school history classes and interveiwed high school history teachers. Ths is how he knows that the textbook come forth bring out conflict or real suspense (pg 13). In his book he tells us what the textbooks lleft out or distorted close to events that took place in history.He asks the question Why atomic number 18 history textbooks so bad? (pg14). Nationaism is one reason they want us to be high-minded of America and proud to be an American. The textbooks do not include controversy if they did then students may think the subject was interesting. Students argon not taght the details of our heros unacc eptabele side. Our history textbooks do not teach us astir(predicate) that Helen Keller was a natural socialist and admired the communist party in Tussia. How did she come to be so radical? Our students are taught that Helen Keller was deaf and bling, that is all most people remember her for.She came rrom an affluent family and she was shocked to find out how sincerely woeful pwople lived, how they had poor health care, miserable livinge conditions, poor nutrition and that people worked in sweatshops. She fought for the righs of women to vote. We are taught that Woodrow Wilson was a great statesman. After he light-emitting diode America into World warfare I he direct the struggle to esablish the League of Nations. Loewen states that we were never tayght that Wilson was a leader of segregation in the federal government. He led some outrageois militant interventions in foreign countries the consequences of those are still causing gavoc to twenty-four hours.He sent capital to the white side of the Russian Civil fight and authorized a naval blockade of the Soviet Union. He sent forces to help overthrow the Russian Revolution. That caused aggression that motivated Russia in the Cold War. Wilson was openly hostile to black people. He barred blacks from any federal hobs. When he ran for office he prmised he would press for civel righes, when he got into office he did not do that. Christopher capital of Ohio is portrayed as Americas offset hero. today Christopher Columbus is one of devil people to have their name marked on a national holiday.If we k newfound the true facts of Christopher Columbus would we be less likely to celebrate and honor him on that day? Christopher Columbus was ooking for a new route to the east to get spices because the Turks closed the get to route. After two months at sea he solid grounded in the West Indies. He found a new contient, so we were taught. For centuries fishermen and seamen had known the earth was roung. The Turks made money from the land routes being open so they had not reason to close the land routes. Europeans had been fishing off of sweetfoundland in 1480s.For thousand of years the Irish an dPhoenicians had visited Canada and New England, Columbus purpose fro the beginning was not exploration or trade, but conquest and exploitation. the fact that sailors carried bittie pox, bubonic plague adn influenza killed a very large percentage of the natives everywhere they went. Taking of land , wealth and labor from the natives which caused their near ex termination and the transatlanti slave trade which created racial underclass were introduces by Columbus that revolutionized race relations and transformed the modern world.When Christopher Columbus could not find gold to take, he took slaves and shipped them to Europe. He mistreatedthe natives he came upon, taking their land and raping their women. The truth roughly the Thanksging tradition is that George Washington set aside long time for natio nal thanksgiving. During the civil war the union needed all the patriotism it coud come up with, Abraham capital of Nebraska proclaimed thanksgiving a notional hiliday. The pilgrims had nothing to do with it. No one used the term pilgrims until the 1870s the term, Pilgrims did not get introduces in the tradion until the 1890s.The Pilgrims did show courage in making the trip and they suffered from diseases such as scurvy and pneumonia and half of them died. When the Pilgrims landed, they fornd land already cleared they found corn, squash and beans. they had the place to themselves and helped themselves to the crops. hey thought that god had brought the plague to the Indians so they could have their land. The pilgrims did not cause the plague but the British anFrench fishermen had brought it. Within third tears the plague killed between 90 and 96 percent of the natives of coastal New England. That left the land for the Pilgrims.Students, especially of the niddle class, know little a bout how the American class structure works and nothing about how it has changed over time. textbooks touch on the certain points of labor history but do not give chase anything that has to do with social class. Four of the twil textboos Loewen reviewed, suppled fragmentary analyses of social stratification that were more in the colonial America. Teh textbooks takl about Social Mobility however ther s not anything said about the differences in social classes. Social class is an imprtant part of our society. It starts from conception.Affluent mothers are more likely to get prenatal care than a poor or working lass mother to be. Low income kids often times have negaive attitudes. To teach about social class in our history and in our present would invite students to let go and opine past their own social class to be able to learn and grow beyond the begative thoughts that chink them i the same social class. Recent history is the history that has the most impact on our lives today. L oewen compares the War of 1812 and Vietnam War, which high school students know very little about. The war of 1812 killed 2,000 Americans an dlasted half as long as the Vietnam War.It lasted 10 years and 50,000 Americans died. textbooks give the two the same amount of space. teh textbooks do not show the form of destruction done in Vietnam and to the Vietnamese population. the textbooks do not coner My Lai where American troops had personally raped, carving off ears, edit off heads, taped wires from portable telephones to human genitals and turned up the power, cut off limbs, blown up bodies, randomly savour at civilians, razed villages in reminiscent of Genghis Khan, shot cattle3 and dogs for fun, poisoned food stocks, and generslly ravaged the countryside of South Vietnam. as john Kerry tokd the Senate Foreign Relations committee in April of 1971. (pg 245) or so teachers do not want to cover the Vietnam War in detail, they are agraid it might give students the maltreat impre ssion of American institutions. Along with the Vietnam War not being covered in schools is the womenss movement. Techers are unnerved of offending the parents of the students. Most yount addults that have had history classes in high school cannot say when the civil War was fought or who was in the Vietnam War.Our History in the textbooks is portrayed as dead facts about our history would be remembered by the students. History is taught in a positive way of the white mand, the students ofother bakgrounds and nationalities often get offend and resist learning American History. If the teachers strayed away from the traditional way history is taught and brought in other sources and addd emotion to it, it would be a more interesting subject to study. This book is intriguing and thought provoking.I had no idea that history was taught like this. I fully agree that history at the same time should focus on patriotism, it should also be taught with facts, true facts. Our hisory is our hist ory, it is what it is and we connot change it. The only thing we can do now is change the way it is taught in the present and the future. If we teach the wrong doings of the past, we may not make the same mistakes again. Loewen, James W. Lies My Teacher Told Me

Disinhibitory effect Essay Example for Free

Disinhibitory effect EssayAlbert Bandura explains secondary learning also known as observational learning as the function of observing and imitating bearing from other volume. It involves the process of learning what other s atomic number 18 doing and impacting the style in our lives through observation. He believes that observational learning is most important during puerility whereby children look up to their p arnts and guardians as their role models. Bandura argues that secondary learning allows people to learn without necessarily changing their behavior.Vicarious learning occurs in various mechanisms. These ar The modeling effect In this case a person almost copies the behavior observed in another person although with some differences. Disinhibitory effect This is different because the perceiver practices a particular behavior later on eyesight another person perform the behavior without any negative effects. The eliciting effect In this case, the observer display s behavior that is closely related to that of another person although with some differences. Inhibitory effectThis is a reference of observational learning whereby a person ward offs performing a certain behavior after seeing another person face negative consequences from the same behavior. Vicarious learning is related to deviant behavior in children because people who commit crimes relate them to early exposure either directly or indirectly. For example, people who are exposed to pornography material at an early suppurate, eventually become child molesters. some research studies show that pornography is a tool that is used by child molesters to persuade children to perform the abuse.(Grusec, Hastings, 2006). Baumrinds typology of parenting styles Parenting is an activity that includes behavior that works either individually or together to influence the outcomes of childrens behaviors. Baumrind believes that the typology of parenting style doe not include deviant parenting but it involves the issue of control. All parents differ in mechanisms through which they control their children or socialize with them, but the main role of parenthood is to control, teach or influence their children. Types of parenting styles Authoritarian parentsThese parents are very directing and demanding but they respond less to the needs and requests of their children. such parents expect their children to obey each and every order without explanations. Authoritarian parents usually provide a easy structured and ordered environment with rules that should be strictly adhered to. Indulgent parents These types of parents are also referred to as non directive or permissive. They are very responsive and less demanding of their children. Indulgent parents are very lenient and avoid confrontation with their children.They allow for self regulation and do not expect mature behavior from their children. unconditional parents Unlike the authoritarian parents, the authoritative parents are demanding as well as responsive. These parents monitor their children closely plot imparting standards of good conduct in them. They use disciplinary methods that are supportive but tough. definitive parents want their children to be firm, socially responsible, assertive as well as self regulated. Uninvolved parents These are the type of parents who lack demand and response towards their children.The authoritative parenting style is the mot effective because it involves parents who are both demanding and responsive. This type of parenting involves disciplinary methods that are both tough and supportive hence they have a overconfident effect on the children. Parents who aim at imparting standards of good conduct and self regulation are more effective in their families. (Siegel, Welsh, 2004). The uninvolved parenting style is the least effective parenting style because it results to reject and neglect. These parents lack both responsiveness and demandingness and therefore do not communicate properly with their children.Children who are raised by uninvolved parents feel neglected and rejected and thus are more likely to develop guilty behavior. Unraveling Juvenile delinquency study by Sheldon and Eleanor This study was conducted in 1940 by Sheldon Glueck and his wife. This study was aimed at examining wretched behavior and they argued that potential deviants could be identified as early as six years of age. They aimed at identifying the causes of crime and delinquency. Sheldon and Eleanor conducted investigations through interviewing family members, social workers, employers, schoolteachers and neighbors.They identified the role played by family structures and discipline in regulate the antisocial aggressive behaviors and delinquency in adolescents and adulthood. During their study the Gluecks compared delinquent and nondelinquent males from Italian, English and Irish families living in poor urban areas. Their findings were that delinquent behavior is developed as a result of early childhood experiences, family structure and discipline. (Glueck, S. Glueck E. 1951). The findings of the Gluecks are valid because delinquent behavior develops early before children reach the age of adolescence. deserted signs can be identified between the ages of three and six and almost before they reach the age of eleven.References Burfeind, J. W. Bartusch, D. J. (2005). Juvenile misdeed An Integrated Approach. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Glueck, S. Glueck E. (1951). Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency. Harvard University Press. Grusec, J. , E. Hastings, P. , D. (2006). Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research. Guilford Press. Siegel, L. J. Welsh, B, C. (2004). Juvenile Delinquency The Core. Thomson Wadsworth.

Is Time Real Essay Example for Free

Is Time Real s involveIs Time Real The aspects of conviction that we place understand are only based on what we stern perceive, observe, and take aim. Every day we look at our watches or clocks. We plan our day around different quantify of the day. Time tells us when to eat, when to sleep, and how long to do things for. Is snip strong? To answer this question, let me explain what conviction is first. Time is defined as a mea undisputabled or measurable period, a continuum that lacks spatial dimensions. This large-minded definition lacks the simple explanation that humans are searching for. There are many scientists, philosophers, and thinkers who reserve tried to put clipping into understanding terms.In the following paragraph, I will discuss the marrow of time perceived and theorized by two of the greatest minds of human kind ? Einstein and Kant. Albert Einsteins theory of relativity theory (study guide, 53) came up with the idea that both space and time were rela tive to the perceiver, or the state of motion of the observer (Broadcast). If there are two chairs, and you see someone sitting in one, when you turn a agency, you can non be sure that he or she is still there. You also can not be sure that they are not in two chairs at the same time, or what point in time they are in them.This all leads up to Einsteins theory that time is relative. What Einsteins theory seemed to tell us was that time is not absolute and universal. It can be changed by motion. Each observer carries around his own private scale of time and it does not absolutely agree with anybody elses. However, some philosophers have argued that all time is unreal. Kant, for example, claimed that time both the subjective time we experience as flowing, and objective time as the fixed serial publication of all events ? is a construct of the human mind (Manuel Velasquez, 244). For Kant space and time are not real things, but are modes of experience.Kants solution was to say that th ere is something in our mind, that makes everything that we experience to our sense be dictated in time so that the physical world is simply bound to be temporal because of the way our minds works (Broadcast). From my point of view, time is definitely real, only our experience of time is subjective. For example, we see a train with blue color followed by yellow color followed by blue and so on. We will at first be able to distinguish the blue from the yellow as the train starts moving. After a while, the train moves very fast that the sequence appears to be simultaneous to our eyes and mind and we see green.We can see time is real because blue follows yellow, but our perception of time is subjective because we dont see a sequence of blue following yellow, but something else entirely. In conclusion, time is not easily explained or still by anyone. Einstein and Kant have expanded their minds by coming up with possible theories for the unknown. We can theorize, and calculate our own, but I think it will always be an unknown. The mysteries of the universe will in my faith be just that, a mystery. Resources Manuel Velasquez. Introduction What is philosophy Philosophy A text with Readings. New York Wadsworth, 2005. 244.

Universe in 1850-1914 Essay Example for Free

Universe in 1850-1914 EssayScience in the period of the later fractional of the 19th century to the early years of twentieth provides a rather busy picture for the scientific community in identifying the extent of the universe. In the previous generations, the universe was perceived to be an only elegant patch of space occupied by some considerable amount of celestial bodies. However, due to the expansion of industrialism and technology in the West, more and more aspects of the admittedly beginnings and characteristics of the universe were uncovered. With the use of instruments, recognition was able to display that the actual composition of the universe is not merely influenced by planets and stars. There are other materials in various elemental forms which can be found in the vast space. Also, theories were formulated about the true nature of the start of the universe itself which is in direct contrast to the previous generations of materialism which asserts that the unive rse has evermore existed (Koestler, 2003). The materialism approach was definitely put into fiction in this era.The more modern approach of science about the universe was deeply presented by the Big Bang and Relativity theories in the early 20th century. In terms of the philosophy about humanitys true significance in the universe, many an(prenominal) scientists believed that human existence is just another segment of the evolutionary line of events. The philosophy of the same scientific community between late 1800 and early 1900 provided a rather radical approach in presenting that on that point is a certain design pattern which allowed humans and other biological entities to exist.The design is not a correspondence to the true goal of the creation of the universe rather it is a design which would permit conduct to exist. The previously accepted Darwinian approach was considered as just the supporting fact to this philosophy.ReferencesKoesteler, A. 2003. A carbon of Discoveries in Physics. Retrieved November 8 2007 from http//www. creationofuniverse. com/html/materialism. html.

Escape and Evade Training Essay Example for Free

Escape and Evade pedagogy EssayThe applications of soldiery cloaks can be categorize into three types 1) those for research, break dancement, and acquisition, 2) those for the study of advanced concepts and requirements and 3) those for information, education and troops operations. In the first group, simulation models provide acuteness into the cost and performance of military equipment, processes, or missions that argon planned for the future.The second category allows the military to develop a doctrine of operations, create an internal organization, and select materials for acquisition. The third group of applications includes a simulation placement involving specific military scenarios where soldiers and military personnel test doctrines, experiment with new ideas, and assess the expenditurefulness of military concepts in a real warf are situation. The Vehicle Driving course familiarizes Soldiers with driving skills needed to drag rough terrain. (from American Army ) A simulated environment in military training most often consists of a virtual(prenominal) model of a multidimensional toyation of a system that is operating in a digital three-dimensional environment that includes military vehicles and mans that would appear on a battlefield.In this virtual model, individual soldiers are immersed in a system that generates visual, aural, and tactile stimuli that aims to train, test, or measure the readiness of the human to respond in a desirable manner to the stimuli (Smith, 2007, p. 2). The US military also use formative models where the user is not immersed in the virtual environment but is the one reckonling the elements of the model.The constructive model is different from the virtual model lies in the method of human interaction, the lack of a three-dimensional representation of the target area or system, and the number of objects being controlled by the user. In the constructive model, the user could control several objects or groups of objects. Computer technology has however developed constructive simulations known as Semi-Automated Forces (SAF) systems where the human user and intelligent models of human behavior embedded in the software both control the objects in the simulated system.The user maps out and directs the mission while the SAF supports the user by providing detailed control of activities analogous movement and engagement. The advantage of constructive models are that they allow a user to comprehend the operations of a much broader battlefield and to capture the behavior of a higher-level aggregate of objects, Also, constructive models could represent the organization, representation, and information that are used in the real military organizational hierarchy. (Smith, 2007, p. 4)Military simulations also consist of engineering models that represent properties of materials, liquids, aerodynamics, servomechanisms, and computer control of specific systems in an attempt to understand the natural capabilities of the system at a level that is accurate enough to be used to design the system. Through the use of advanced computer technologies and modeling techniques, the military could develop digital models of systems that are nearly as predictive as are live physical tests because sensor, communication, and recording equipment can be placed at the precise place and while of interest.Military engineering models also include interactions between two physical objects or between an object and its environment. The primary benefit of using simulated models is that learners are not limited to using just a few physical prototypes and could conduct experiments in infinite variations to collect data from all points in set and time around the event of interest. (Smith, 2007, p. 3). The American Army website features virtual games that provide players with the most authentic military experience available, from exploring the development of soldiers in individual and collective training t o their deployment in simulated missions.The required training missions give the player an idea of what its like for real U. S. Army Soldiers to train for duty. The training games include underlying Combat Training (BCT), Advanced Individual Training (AIT), Advanced Marksmanship (Adv. Mkshp), Airborne instill (Airborne), Medic Training (Medic), Special Forces Training (SFAS). Virtual simulation in health flush and medical training Virtual simulation is now widely for medical instruction and study as it effectively links classroom acquire with real-life clinical practice.Guided by their current medical knowledge, medical students are able to learn all-important(prenominal) clinical skills in simulated true-to-life medical settings before they work with real patients. Simulation-based techniques immerse medical students in real-life learning situations for various types of learning in terms of knowledge, tasks and skills, decision-making, and teamwork. It offers focused learning e xperiences that cannot be promptly obtained using traditional techniques or in real patient care situations.Knowledge of facts, concepts, and the relationships between them such as the fundamental description of human biology and physiology, the applied description of the human body in health and disease, the conceptual and hardheaded basis of therapy, evidence-based protocols that guide optimum therapy are more mastered by means of virtual simulation classroom techniques (Stanford School of Medicine). Unlike some other disciplines that utilize words, drawings, numbers, and spreadsheets, health care requires psychomotor skills of the clinician who lay hands on a patient and perform important procedures.Tasks and skills that encompass the practical and physical parts of medicine and health care could well be developed and honed through virtual simulation because these psychomotor skills can only be mastered hands-on training. Such skills include physical examination, blood drawin g, invasive procedures (such as spinal tap or chest drainage) and complex surgical procedures (such as laparoscopic surgery or cardiac surgery) and catheter-based interventions (such as cath-lab procedures treating aortic aneurysm or carotid artery blockage). (Stanford School of Medicine)

Supply Chain Management and Distribution Centers Essay Example for Free

Supply train Management and Distribution Centers Essay1. Wal-Mart has been able to achieve respectable leadership in the sell constancy because of its focus on supply orbit management. Discuss in detail the distribution and logistics system adoptive by Wal-Mart.Ans As the worlds largest retail merchant with net sales of almost $219 billion for the fiscal year 2002, Wal-Mart is considered a best-in-class company for its supply chain management practices. These practices atomic number 18 a draw competitive advantage that have enabled Wal-Mart to achieve leadership in the retail industry through a focus on increasing operational efficiency and on customer needs Wal-Marts corporate website calls logistics and distribution the heart of its operation, one that keeps millions of products moving to customers every day of the year. Wal-Marts complete Supply chain is aligned to provide maximum value to its customers by Every day low prices in its Stores. Wal-Marts highly-automat ed distribution centers, which operate 24 hours a day and argon served by Wal-Marts truck fleet, are the foundation of its growth strategy and supply network. In the United States alone, the company has more than 40 regional distribution centers for import flow and more than 140 distribution centers for domestic flow .When entering a new geographic arena, the company first determines if the area go away be able to contain generous stores to support a distribution center.Each distribution center supports between 75 to 100 retail stores within a 250-mile area. Once a center is built, stores are gradually built around it to bang up the area and the distribution network is realigned to maximize efficiencies through a process termed reoptimization. The result is a trickle-down solvent trucks do not have to proceed as far to retail stores to make translateies, shorter distances reduce transportation costs and lead time, and shorter lead time means holding less safety list. If sh ortages do occur, replacing can be made more quickly because stores receive daily deliveries from distribution centers. The companys hub-and-spoke distribution network utilizes a system of manufacturer storage with customer creamup. No inventory is stored at Wal-Marts distribution centers. Wal-Marts fleet of 3,500 dedicated trucks and over 50,000 trailers are used to pick up goods directly from manufacturers warehouses, thus eliminating intermediaries and increasing responsiveness. The use of trucks raises transportation costs but is justified in terms of reduced inventory.Merchandise brought in by truck to distribution centers is sorted for delivery to stores within 24 to 48 hours. However, certain goods, such as automotive and drug products, are delivered directly to stores by suppliers. Wal-Mart, a pioneer in the logistics technique of cross-docking, also has store-specific orders packed and shipped directly to the store by the manufacturer. Because Wal-Marts fast, responsive t ransportation operations are such a major part of the companys successful logistics system, great care is taken in the hiring, training, supervising, and assigning of drivers schedules and job responsibilities. From the onset of his retailing career, Wal-Mart ease up Sam Walton recognized the importance of hiring experienced people and of building loyalty not only in his customers but also in his employees.The company hires only experienced drivers who have driven more than 300,000 accident-free miles and whom it believes will be committed to customer service. Its retail stores are considered important customers of the distribution centers. As stated in the Private Fleet Driver Handbook that each driver is given a copy of, drivers are expect to be polite and kind when dealing with store personnel and others. In addition to containing a drivers code of conduct, the Private Fleet Driver Handbook gives instructions and rules for following pre-planned travel r reveales and schedules, t he responsible unloading of a truck trailer at a retail store, and the safe-guarding of Wal-Marts property.For example, although drivers deliver loaded trailers in the afternoon and evening hours, a trailer can be brought to the stores docks only at its scheduled unloading time. Because unloading is done at two-hour intervals during the night, a driver is expected to spend the night, returning to the distribution center at a pre-scheduled time with an empty trailer. Coordinators closely monitor lizard the detailed records of each drivers activities for adherence to rules. Violations are dealt with according to handbook procedures, which include employee rearing to prevent future occurrences of incorrect actions.By effectively managing every aspect of its transportation operations and treating its drivers fairly, Wal-Mart gets results that are unrivaled in the logistics arena. Rules are a key to consistency, which leads to preparedness, which then leads to proper execution. To gain maximum out of cross-docking, Walmart had to make fundamental changes in its approach to managerial control. The cross-docking system changed the practice of highly centralized last at Corporate level.The system shifted the focus from supply chain to the demand chain which meant that instead of the retailer pushing products into the system customers could pull products, when and where they needed.

Biography of William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Biography of William Shakespe be EssayIt is crawl inn that he was born in April 1564 and that he died on 23rd April 1616 at the age 52. He was baptized on 26th April 1564. How satisfactory that the great side writer is so closely identified with the supporter saint of England. Shakespe are had seven siblings. They were Joan (1558) Margaret (1562) gigabyte (1566) Joan II (1569) Anne (1571) Richard (1574) and Edmund (1580). Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway when he was 18. She was 26 and she was pregnant when they got married. Their first child was born six months by and by the wedding. Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway had three children together a son, Ham net, who died in 1596, and two daughters, Susanna and Judith. His only granddaughter Elizabeth daughter of Susanna died childless in 1670. Shakespeare therefore has no descendants. Shakespeare died a rich man. He made several gifts to diverse people nevertheless left his property to his daughter, Susanna. The only mention of his wife in Shakespeares own will is I stop unto my wife my second best bed with the furniture. The furniture was the bedclothes for the bed. Shakespeare was buried in the sanctum sanctorum Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon.He put a curse on anyone daring to move his body from that last-place resting place. His epitaph was Good friend for Jesus sake forbear, To dig the dust enclosed here Blest be the man that spares these stones, And curst be he that moves my bones. Though it was customary to dig up the bones from anterior graves to make room for others, Shakespeares remains are still undisturbed. During his life, Shakespeare wrote 37 imparts and 154 sonnets This means an just 1. 5 plays a year since he first started authorship in 1589. His last play The both Noble Kinsmen is reckoned to see been written in 1613 when he was 49 years old.While he was writing the plays at such a pace he was also conducting a family life, a social life and a full business life, running an acting company and a theatre. Few people get to that apart from writing his numerous plays and sonnets, Shakespeare was also an actor who performed many of his own plays as well as those of other playwrights. During his life Shakespeare performed before Queen Elizabeth I and, later, before James I who was an enthusiastic patron of his work. Shakespeares profession was acting. He is listed in documents of 1592, 1598 and 1603 as an actor.We know that he acted in a Ben Jonson play and also in his own plays but its thought that, as a very agile man, writing, managing the theatre and commuting between London and his home in Stratford where is family was, he didnt undertake puffy parts. on that point is evidence that he played the ghost in Hamlet and Adam in As You Like It. In Elizabethan theatre circles it was common for writers to collaborate on writing plays. Towards the end of his flight Shakespeare worked with other writers on plays that have been credited to those writers. O ther writers also worked on plays that are credited to Shakespeare.We know for certain that Timmons of Athens was a collaboration with Thomas Middleton Pericles with George Wilkins and The Two Noble Kinsmen with John Fletcher. Some scholars have maintained that Shakespeare did not write the Shakespeare plays, with at least fifty writers having been suggested as the real author. However, the evidence for Shakespeares having written the plays is very strong. Shakespeare is the second most quoted writer in the English language after the various writers of the Bible. Suicide occurs an unlucky thirteen times in Shakespeares plays.It occurs in Romeo and Juliet where both Romeo and Juliet commit suicide, in Julius Caesar where both Cassius and Brutus die by consensual stabbing, as well as Brutus wife Portia. Some of Shakespeares signatures have survived on reliable documents. In none of them does he spell his name in what has run short the standard way. He spells it Shakespere and Shake spear. Shakespeare lived a double life. By the seventeenth century he had become a famous playwright in London but in his hometown of Stratford, where his wife and children were, and which he visited frequently, he was a well known and highly respected businessman and property owner.The American President Abraham Lincoln was a great lover of Shakespeares plays and frequently recited from them to his friends. His assassin, John Wilkes Booth was a famous Shakespearean actor. Although it was immoral to be a Catholic in Shakespeares lifetime, the Anglican Archdeacon, Richard Davies of Litchfield, who had known him wrote some time after Shakespeares death that he had been a Catholic. Candles were very expensive in Shakespeares time so they were used only for emergencies, for a short time.Most writers wrote in the daytime and socialized in the evenings. There is no reason to think that Shakespeare was any different to his contemporaries. It was illegal for women and girls to perform in t he theatre in Shakespeares lifetime so all the female parts were written for boys. The text of some plays equivalent Hamlet and Antony and Cleopatra refer to that. It was only much later, during the Restoration, that the first woman appeared on the English stage. There are only two Shakespeare plays written entirely in verse they are Richard II and King John. some of the plays have half of the text in prose. Shakespeare wrote many more plays than the ones we know about. Its certain that he wrote a play titled Cardenas, which has been lost, but scholars think he wrote about twenty that have bygone without a trace. Shakespeares shortest play, The Comedy of Errors is only a third of the length of his longest, Hamlet, which takes four hours to perform. Two of Shakespeares plays, Hamlet and Much Ado About Nothing, have been translated into Klingon.The Klingon Language Institute plans to translate more. All Uranus satellites are named after Shakespearean characters. William Shakespeare is an anagram of I am a weakfish speller. Shakespeares original grave marker showed him holding a bag of grain. Citizens of Stratford replaced the bag with a quill in 1747. William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called Englands subject poet and the Bard of Avon.

Romantic poem Essay Example for Free

Romantic verse form EssayThe famous poet John Keats wrote The Eve of St Agnes in 1819. Keats was born in 1795 in London, but contracted tuberculosis in his early years and died at the young period of twenty-six. Keats was the youngest of the Great Romantics. The Romantics were a group of poets who re buzzered against the change in social, moral, political and religious aspects of life in their time. They utilize the beauty of nature and imagination of the time to help create their poetry. The title of Keats poem The Eve of St Agnes tells the referee what the poem is about.St Agnes was a nun, who wanted to protect her virginity and ref utilise to be married. She was beheaded on the first 21st of January. traditionally if a young girl went to bed, clothes less, without eating and only looking forward and upward on St Agnes Eve she would see the man she was to marry in her dream. This suspicion is what Keats has based his narrative romantic poem on. His poem is the story of a y oung girl who believes in the Eve of St Agnes suspicion and dreams of her love. However a young Knight comes to see her while she sleeping. The girl wakes up, they fall in love, consummate, and in the morning leave.Keats has used the Romantic theme of Williams Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet in his poem. There is a feud between the young girls family and the Knights family. Just as in Romeo and Juliet. The introduction to Keatss poem sets the scene. St Agnes Eve, Ah bitter chill it was The owl for all his feathers was a cold. Keats describes how cold it its external on the winter night, and uses the animals to emphasise the freezing weather. The owl is supposed to survive the winter yet it is cold. The rabbit limpd trembling through the frozen grass. Again the use of the hare emphasises the bitter winter outside, so cold, the hare limps. Keats then continues his description of the setting and atmosphere by describing the inside. Where a Beadsman is praying in a infinitesimal chap el. The emphasis on the bleak night is continued. Numb were the Beadsman fingers and his frosted breath show that the inside is almost frozen reinforcing the winter time at which this poem is set. Keats develops the introduction by describing the Beadsman and his actions. thus takes his lamp, and riseth from his knees, And back, returneth, meagre, barefoot and wan,The Beadsman is poor he has no shoes, and he is thin, ill and old. Already has the his death bell rung. Throughout Keats poem certain words are slightly changed to make the poem sound medieval. Riseth, and Sayeth hold up and archaic impression. Keats develops his story by describing the castle and the events taking place inside. He creates a word scenery describing the entire guests beautifully dressed, With plume, tiara, and all rich array. This sets the scene of the ball. Furthermore Keats sets a happy scene, with triumphs gay. This shows laughter and pile enjoying themselves.

The Long Process Of European Decolonization English Language Essay

The Long Process Of European decolonisation position Language EssayAccording to Helen Tiffin, Decolonization is a figure out, not arrival it has been the project of agency-compound composing to interrogate European confabulations and discursive strategies from a privileged position deep down (and between) dickens worlds (Tiffin 95). At the present moment of decolonization there be two kinds of responses to the imposition of imperial row post compound authors either choose rejection or subversion of the imposed tongue and the empire by piece of music back up in a European lecture. As part of this the Indian incline composers thrive hard to project the hybridity of post compound realities and the wasting disease of goods and services of slope as a linguistic structure of that hybridity must be accepted. Writers including genus Raja Rao, Rushdie and Roy were aw be of the fact that the subversion of face is the only strategy that recognizes the influence of the c olonial experience darn, at the same time, raze its supporting biases. Therefore nativizing and acculturating it (Kachru 294) is the device these post colonial writers adopted, thus transforming standard slope into numerous englishes as are the diverse post colonial realities.(Ashcroft 8) These englishes allow the post colonial writer to voice his particular experience while exploiting the advantages of development an inter topic spoken linguistic process. Salman Rushdie comments on how working in raw(a) englishes toilette be therapeutic. In the essay Imaginary Homelands, he explicates that, the face address is not or sothing that can simply be overlooked and disregarded, unless is the site where writers should try to sort out the problems that challenge rising or recently independent colonies. He believes that by conquering face we can conclude the wreak of making ourselves emancipated.What we find in the reports of these novelists is a resistance to the controllin g wording-culture which is facilitated by a naturalisation of it and stretching it to contain some authentic Indian expressions. Thereby they are invested with a power to distinguish and dismantle metropolitan discourses and to assert post colonial difference from Europe. The linguistic hybridization which results from the manipulation of slope as the normative linguistic code by the emerging post-colonial voices as an act of subversion and a necessary step in the direction of ethnic liberation, becomes the source for naked as a jaybird strategies of writing which have generated some of the most exciting and innovative literatures of the modern period (Ashcroft 8). These hybrid linguistic suffices are a tested sign of an authentic articulation of indigenous voices. Linguistic hybridization results in syntactic flexibility and rapid enrichment of vocabulary. The Indian side writer challenges and redefines many accepted whims of words and louse ups in creating different ve rsions or constructing a untested wrangle in our multilingual stage settings. These are the in between linguistic communications which occupy a seat in between and seeks to decolonize themselves from the Western ex-colonizer and subverts hierarchies and brings together the dominant and the under-developed.The Caliban- Prospero paradigm can be seen as an illustration of resistance enacted by postcolonial Indian writers where Caliban practices what he forebodes the language of the torturer mastered by the victim. His appropriation of Prosperos language rather than his rejection of it, is an appropriation that extends and enriches the possibilities of the incline language in meanss that are, perhaps, no grander possible for the slope themselves.As Graham Huggan suggests, Indian writing (especially in English) is to a large extent a trans terra firmaal, diasporic phenomenon, the return of complex collisions/collusions between East and West (66). Therefore, the term postcoloni al nowadays has a wider definition and it denotes an index of resistance, a perceived imperative to rewrite the social context of continuing imperial dominance (Huggan ix).Post colonial Indian writing showcases a number of linguistic tensions and any interrogatory of the experiences involves a simultaneous interrogation of language also. Indian English liberates itself from the parent language and tries to be on its suffer surpassing its hyphenated status. The deformations, deviations and irregularities rig in Indian English is part of an attempt by the writer to master the texture of the accepted while amending and altering it considerably to suit the topical anesthetic conditions conduceing to the birth of a brand new English. In its reinstatement as Indian English, it certainly shakes off its colour and becomes heteroglossic, true to what Bakthin opined as anothers speech in anothers language. English turns into playful manipulation in the authorizes of these writers. As a form of self-assertion Indian writers playfully manipulate the language and relates them to the roots and culture of ones own and introduces circumstances for their self-expression.R.K. Narayan advocates writing in a genuinely Indian way without being self-conscious about itEnglish has proved that if a language has flexibility, any experience can be communicated through it, nevertheless if it has to be paraphrased sometimes rather than conveyed, and even if the factual detail is partially understood All that I am able to confirm simply after thirty years of writing, is that it has served my purpose admirably, on conveying unambiguously the panoramas and acts of a set of personalities, who fanfare in a small town located in a corner of South India. (Press 123)The Indian writers communicate the Indian sensibility and consciousness to dissociate themselves from the subtle nuances of the language and its flexible idiom in an instinctive and effortless manner through narrative st ructures associated with the ones prevalent in Indian oral and larger-than-life traditions to vindicate the spirit of India and its quintessential unity. According to Rushdie, the moment the Indian writer tries to shed the insular mind-set of exclusion and to use English as his own without any anxiety or self-consciousness the language of the other becomes his property on which its first user will have no substantial claim. This come on invests the Indian writer with a freedom to articulate which they aimed to achieve it. Indian English can be seen as a distinct variety whose body is correct English usage, but whose soul, thought and imagi ingrainedness is Indian in colour, and an Indian idiom which is representative of the unique quality of Indian mind while in compliance with the exactness of the English usage.Linguist Braj Kachru argues,using a non-native language in native context, to portray new themes and characters and situations is bid redefining the semantic and semioti c potential of a language, making language bastardly something which is not part of its traditional meaning. It is an attempt to give a new African or Asiatic identity, and thus an extra dimension of meaning. A part of that dimension perhaps remains obscure or mysterious to the Western reader.The process of creating new meanings in English, for those who write in two languages is a process of trans invention (Kachru 48).The creation of new meanings accompanies the creation of new identities. Meenakshi Mukherjee claims that The Indo- Anglian writer should be allowed the freedom to experiment with the language for his own chaste needs rather than be heaved into a system of linguistics in search of that bad medium a standard Indian English (214).Indian English literature is replete with data-based language which includes forging new words, new idioms, new turns of expressions, new syntactic structures and new rhythms, Indianisms, violating the syntax and grammar of English to echo the regional speech and to recreate an Indian consciousness and also to induce better linguistic results. R.K. Narayan comments that the presence of Indianisms are unavoidable in their situation as all writers are experimentalists, not attempting to write Anglo-Saxon English. The English language, through, sheer resilience and mobility, is now undergoing a process of Indianisation in the same manner as it adopted U.S. citizenship over a century ago. The process of transmutation is to be viewed as an enrichment of the English language or a debasement of it. These writers, says Mulk Raj Anand, aim at consciously reorienting the language and synthesizing Indian and European values in contemporary India.(20) Indians have found a sense of peculiar intimacy with the English language, making it a second natural voice for the Indian mind and sensibility. He sees realized in it the power of Indian inheritance, the complexity of Indian experience, and the uniqueness of Indian voice.( Walsh 65 , 71) Indianisms can be accepted as permissible violations of the English language if they are introduced for the sake of reflecting cultural overtones and undertones.(Verghese 181) Shaking off the traces of foreign acquisition, the language is moulded today as anew idiom. The language has to be broken to it, as it were, and made new. (Kantak 223) The process of edition has been gradual and pervasive. Kantak rightly points out Everything depends, of course, on the intimacy of the adoption, the level reached in the process of naturalization. (224) Most linguistic innovations are purposive and have an authentic ring about them. And it is not mere reproduction the variety of language takes place at a high artistic pressure.(235) Commenting upon the contextualization of English on India, Kachru observes Indian English has ramifications in Indian culture(which includes languages) and is used in India towards maintaining appropriate Indian patterns of life, culture and education. This, in short, we may call the Indianess of Indian English, in the same way as we speak of the Englishness of British English. (Kachru 282) He again remarks the quad between the natively used varieties of English and Indian English cannot be explained only by comparative studies of phonology and grammar. The deviations are an outcome of the Indianisation of English which has, gradually, made Indian English culture-bound in the socio-cultural setting of India. The phonological and well-formed deviations are only a part of this process of Indianisation.(85-86)The appropriation of English language by Indian English writers results in innovations that enrich English. They also use the text to construct a world of difference, separation, and absence seizure from the metropolitan norms which arose from the experience of colonization and a compulsive necessity to write in response to the imperial powers by asserting their differences from the assumptions of the imperial centers. The writers resort to many strategies or specific postcolonial literary techniques like fragmentation, plurality, and language to subvert Western-colonial constructs of identity and culture. It is also projected as a retelling of individual experience as against the colonial representations of history, language, and textuality. True to what Salman Rushdie famously remarked, that in post-colonial culture, the Empire writes back to the centre, these writings create a challenging discourse as against the dominant Eurocentric discourse facilitating a re-imagining and restructuring of it through breaking down certain colonial assumptions and grand narratives.Indian fiction in English can be read as a counter-discourse, as a response, in part, to earlier universalizing Western texts of English colonial writers. The Indian writers write using English vocabulary but indigenous structures and rhythms which goes in line with Chantal Zabuss theory of relexifcation Those who utilize this technique use Engl ish to simulate another language and therefore are not merely using English but also modifying it. In this process the expressions of the postcolonial are functioning as an interlanguage, mimicking neither the European bell ringer language or the indigenous source language (Zabus 315). To personalize and to correspond to a particular national or regional identity, Indian writers parade their mastery over language to nativize and indigenize English. Diverse ways of nationalizing English is used as an effective tool to demarginalize the postcolonial experience. This takes many forms and the most prominent of which is linguistic demarginalisation which leads to what Brathwaite calls a nation language, a need felt by a host of post-colonial writers. At the moment of decolonization, the imperial language which was an instance of the cultural baggage that restrained and smothered the natives was destabilized. The Indian writers uses the English medium to convey til now unknown and unfam iliar roles like a whole new set of customs, social objects, and relationships, universal responsiveness, which goes into the creation of a new culture. This represents the conversion of the weapon of the colonizer as a linguistic blade where it is redirected back at the colonizer thereby liberating the enslaving medium into a revolutionary weapon with Indian message. It helps the writer to indulge in self-reflexive narrative as a counter-discursive strategy to strike against the totalizing colonialist literature and also to erase the dominant universalist canon of Europe and endorse the marginalized canons of various local cultures. An expression of culture-specific experiences and sensibilities through English, undermine the totalizing notion of one standard literary English language that can include all human experiences. As a result, Indian English cease to be regarded as postcolonial, but rather as an expression of uniquely Indian identity.The contemporary Bengali writer and cr itic Amit Chaudhuri, in his seminal anthology of 2001 The Picador Book of groundbreaking Indian Literature, comments on the way English is used in India. Though used by a small but substantial group, English is now an Indian language, English is not an Indian language in the way it is an American language nor is it an Indian language in the way that Bengali or Urdu. English is not an Indian language, but it has served so many useful and essential purposes of a underdeveloped society, this for so long that it has now become a kind of linguistic habit with us and cannot be easily discarded without a proper substitute. Writers like Vikram Seth, Rohinton Mistry, Amitav Ghosh, Upamanyu Chatterjee, Anita Desai and more recently Kiran Desai, Shashi Tharoor, Pankaj Mishra and Amit Chaudhuri get gushing reviews and are the propagators and ambassadors of Indian writing in English. The following comments of Gokak present the recent assessment of Indian English writers Indo-Anglian writing is direct and spontaneous- like creative writing in any other language. It is conditioned in many ways by the peculiar circumstances of its birth and growth. (162) The use of English in India for almost two hundred years has naturally nativized the English language and it has also caused the entry of new words into the language which truly represent our culture and traditions and which is also used in non-Indian settings. The Indian linguistic and cultural context is flourishing everyday with new set of lexical items and typical Indian collocations. Srinivasa Iyengar is of the feel that Indian writing in English is but one of the voices in which India speaks. It is a new voice, no doubt, but it is as much Indian as others (3)Indian writing in English has come a long way from that teething stage, developing a diversity of themes, a variety of forms and techniques, and, not the least, an authenticity and idiomatic expressiveness. (S.N.Sridhar 292)In the process of Indianisation and the reby to decolonize English, writers express every modes of feeling and thinking peculiar to the cultural milieu through words which are culture bound to describe everyday objects and convey the Indian sentiment. Strategies like vernacular transcription, loan words, syntactic fusion and use of rhythmic patterns and social conventions of Indian languages helps to yoke the cultural gaps and fabricates the use of the alien medium more acceptable to the non-native speakers themselves (Sridhar 298). English has been re-built to reflect the clarity of thought and shades of feeling to the extent they can realize within their own ecosystems. The Indian novelists in English have accelerated the process of desired linguistic deviation and according to Kachru, the process of Indianisation of English is a linguistic and cultural characteristics transferred to an adopted alien language.(19) In an attempt to disengage language from its socio-cultural roots and to make it conducive to the new use r, the Indian writer liberates English from the precision and accuracy of its usage and disintegrates the stereotypical language functions to accommodate the native feel of the life. This leaves the language with a better freedom for the writer to exploit. Only a gradual and wider usage of the language to contain the burden of our local context and experience can lead to a complete decolonization of the language rather than a deliberate attempt to Indianise it. According to Gokak Indian English should represent the evolution of a distinct standard- a standard the body of which is the correct English usage, but whose soul is Indian in colour, thought and imagery.(3)As from all these illustrations we can conclude that the reappropriation of the ex-colonisers language, within a postcolonial frame of mind is a crucial thrust in terms of style for postcolonial writers. The writers I have chosen illustrate how one can authentically represent their native culture through Indian English whi ch, at the same time, abrogates the well-worn English as well as appropriates it for local discourses, thereby re-structuring deconstructing and decolonizing the English language to liberate it from within and to remould it for the purpose of dismantling the power structures of English grammar which are symbolic of the hegemonic controls implemented. The English used by these novelists, is a distinct English which is idiomatic, using a colloquial register that will certainly be familiar to a British reader but which contains an unmistakably Indian reference. It represents the new varities of englishes that are relocated, resettled and reincarnated language and indigenized to perform culture-specific functions. Rao has tried in his novels to conform the English language to Indian literary style and rhythm, and to make it express local myths and ideas. These writers are of the opinion that the subversion of English is the only strategy that recognizes the influence of the colonial e xperience while, at the same time, dismantling its supporting biases. Thus, on the Indian continent the English language was put to a revolutionary use by Rao, Rushdie and Roy. There works are clear illustrations of their efforts to completely relinquish the habitual linguistic practice and the formulation of an innovative, unrefined, critical and radical syntax. Another way of decolonization ably achieved by Indian writers like Raja Rao, Rushdie and Roy are through the Indianisation and acculturation of English language. Hence they are capable of formulating a new english which defies the western canons of power and controls and one which suits their requirements and which opens up spaces for creativity in Indian English. All these approaches are for redefining the medium, and contextualizing English in yet other socio-cultural and linguistic framework.Raja Raos Kanthapura, Rushdies Midnights Children and Shame and Arundhati Roys The God of Small Things where the writers uses a mul tiplicity of indigenizations, is an exemplary illustration of the trend, which has plenty of language rooted in local Indian culture. The Indian narrative of resistance begins with Raja Rao whose nativization of English is the best approach to avoid confined by Standard English structures and usage. He expressed his resistance to the language of the dominant discourse by rewriting its attached structures. Writers like Raja Rao, Salman Rushdie and Arundhati Roy are involved in a process of indigenizing English. Language in its decontextualised way serves to denaturalize and decolonise thus subverting, diverting and twisting into new shapes and transformed into an alien material in order to express new realities. These writers exhibit a more intentional and calculated linguistic experimentation at several levels the outcome of which will lead to a decolonization of English. This decolonization of the language goes hand in hand with a desire to make it a more penetrating tool of arti stic exploration. Post colonial writers like Raja Rao, Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy have contributed to the discourse of hybridity through their works of dissent, challenge or subversion. It can be efficiently wrapped up that the practitioners of Indo- Anglian literature wield a decolonising pen (Rushdie). Rushdies omen that Indians were in a position to conquer English literature seems justified.